CIRA - Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere

Date Time MST	Temp °F	RH %	DewPt °F	Wind mph	Dir °	Gust mph	Dir °	Press in Hg	Solar W/m^2
2025-07-13 13:20	90.3	18.0	41.1	4.1	150	9.4	165	24.987	773.7
2025-07-13 13:15	89.9	19.1	42.2	5.1	179	9.4	110	24.983	759.6
2025-07-13 13:10	90.3	18.9	42.3	3.7	70	10.8	108	24.981	752.0
2025-07-13 13:05	89.6	19.3	42.3	5.7	186	9.8	132	24.982	811.0
2025-07-13 13:00	90.2	19.1	42.6	8.9	111	12.9	108	24.982	828.0
2025-07-13 12:55	90.0	18.9	42.0	6.8	153	10.3	141	24.984	814.0
2025-07-13 12:50	90.0	18.7	41.9	5.4	171	11.7	169	24.985	838.0
2025-07-13 12:45	90.4	18.1	41.4	6.9	121	10.4	97	24.986	838.0
2025-07-13 12:40	90.8	19.0	42.9	5.7	88	9.5	56	24.986	760.8
2025-07-13 12:35	89.8	19.3	42.5	7.8	53	11.2	69	24.986	818.0
2025-07-13 12:30	89.5	21.0	44.5	7.6	93	13.7	103	24.986	829.0
2025-07-13 12:25	89.1	20.0	42.8	5.5	219	12.4	133	24.988	704.0
2025-07-13 12:20	89.1	20.0	42.9	6.8	139	12.5	151	24.989	764.7
2025-07-13 12:15	88.5	20.2	42.7	5.1	125	11.3	148	24.988	821.0
2025-07-13 12:10	88.7	19.4	41.7	4.4	51	8.0	126	24.989	708.7
2025-07-13 12:05	88.9	20.1	42.8	5.8	353	10.3	82	24.991	779.2
2025-07-13 12:00	89.2	20.2	43.2	6.5	91	13.0	90	24.992	821.0
2025-07-13 11:55	89.2	19.6	42.4	6.7	58	10.3	117	24.993	780.2
2025-07-13 11:50	89.1	19.4	42.1	7.5	105	12.2	123	24.993	767.7
2025-07-13 11:45	88.9	21.6	44.7	5.7	43	10.0	96	24.993	843.0
2025-07-13 11:40	89.8	20.0	43.4	6.7	98	12.2	103	24.995	833.0
2025-07-13 11:35	88.6	19.1	41.2	6.6	176	9.6	124	24.994	819.0
2025-07-13 11:30	88.3	19.9	42.1	8.4	184	11.1	180	24.995	829.0
2025-07-13 11:25	88.8	19.5	42.0	9.7	145	13.6	132	24.995	839.0
2025-07-13 11:20	89.3	18.8	41.4	8.8	145	12.9	131	24.996	834.0
2025-07-13 11:15	88.6	18.1	39.8	4.5	145	7.8	89	24.997	822.0
2025-07-13 11:10	88.0	23.1	45.8	7.8	88	12.5	168	24.997	806.0
2025-07-13 11:05	88.9	23.0	46.4	6.3	135	10.8	127	24.997	809.0
2025-07-13 11:00	88.7	17.1	38.5	3.9	171	6.9	111	24.997	814.0
2025-07-13 10:55	89.1	16.7	38.2	4.9	110	8.0	84	25.003	816.0

Date Time MST	Temp °C	RH %	DewPt °C	Wind m/s	Dir °	Gust m/s	Dir °	Press hPa	Solar W/m^2
2025-07-13 13:20	32.4	18.0	5.1	1.8	150	4.2	165	846.15	773.7
2025-07-13 13:15	32.1	19.1	5.7	2.3	179	4.2	110	846.02	759.6
2025-07-13 13:10	32.4	18.9	5.7	1.6	70	4.8	108	845.95	752.0
2025-07-13 13:05	32.0	19.3	5.7	2.5	186	4.4	132	845.97	811.0
2025-07-13 13:00	32.4	19.1	5.9	4.0	111	5.8	108	845.99	828.0
2025-07-13 12:55	32.2	18.9	5.6	3.0	153	4.6	141	846.06	814.0
2025-07-13 12:50	32.2	18.7	5.5	2.4	171	5.2	169	846.09	838.0
2025-07-13 12:45	32.4	18.1	5.2	3.1	121	4.7	97	846.13	838.0
2025-07-13 12:40	32.7	19.0	6.1	2.6	88	4.2	56	846.11	760.8
2025-07-13 12:35	32.1	19.3	5.8	3.5	53	5.0	69	846.12	818.0
2025-07-13 12:30	31.9	21.0	6.9	3.4	93	6.1	103	846.12	829.0
2025-07-13 12:25	31.7	20.0	6.0	2.5	219	5.5	133	846.18	704.0
2025-07-13 12:20	31.7	20.0	6.1	3.0	139	5.6	151	846.21	764.7
2025-07-13 12:15	31.4	20.2	5.9	2.3	125	5.1	148	846.20	821.0
2025-07-13 12:10	31.5	19.4	5.4	2.0	51	3.6	126	846.22	708.7
2025-07-13 12:05	31.6	20.1	6.0	2.6	353	4.6	82	846.29	779.2
2025-07-13 12:00	31.8	20.2	6.2	2.9	91	5.8	90	846.34	821.0
2025-07-13 11:55	31.8	19.6	5.8	3.0	58	4.6	117	846.35	780.2
2025-07-13 11:50	31.7	19.4	5.6	3.4	105	5.4	123	846.34	767.7
2025-07-13 11:45	31.6	21.6	7.0	2.6	43	4.5	96	846.37	843.0
2025-07-13 11:40	32.1	20.0	6.3	3.0	98	5.5	103	846.41	833.0
2025-07-13 11:35	31.4	19.1	5.1	3.0	176	4.3	124	846.39	819.0
2025-07-13 11:30	31.3	19.9	5.6	3.7	184	5.0	180	846.42	829.0
2025-07-13 11:25	31.6	19.5	5.6	4.3	145	6.1	132	846.42	839.0
2025-07-13 11:20	31.9	18.8	5.2	3.9	145	5.8	131	846.45	834.0
2025-07-13 11:15	31.4	18.1	4.4	2.0	145	3.5	89	846.49	822.0
2025-07-13 11:10	31.1	23.1	7.6	3.5	88	5.6	168	846.49	806.0
2025-07-13 11:05	31.6	23.0	8.0	2.8	135	4.8	127	846.50	809.0
2025-07-13 11:00	31.5	17.1	3.6	1.8	171	3.1	111	846.50	814.0
2025-07-13 10:55	31.7	16.7	3.4	2.2	110	3.6	84	846.69	816.0

Carbon Team

CIRA Carbon Team in 2025. Left to right: Dien Wu (CSU ATS), Chris O’Dell, Tommy Taylor, Greg McGarragh, Andrew Schuh, Ian Baker, Nick Kedzuf, and David Baker. (not pictured: Jessie Lyons)

The research in the CIRA Carbon Team is driven primarily by a desire to understand the carbon cycle and the interaction of the atmosphere with the land surface, hence improving knowledge of anthropogenically-forced global climate change. To accurately predict future climate for a given scenario of human emissions, it is important to understand currently occurring changes in the earth system. In our group this is done primarily by the interpretation of atmospheric measurements, in particular global-scale satellite measurements of climatically important variables, such as surface reflectance, surface energy exchange, longwave radiation, clouds, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide and methane. The work in the Carbon Team can be summarized as an interactive exchange between researchers studying the precise measurements of atmospheric constituents (“measurements” and “retrievals”), in particular satellite measurements of CO2 and CH4, those using atmospheric transport models to make surface flux inferences (“top-down”), and those working from the perspective of the mechanisms we’d like to understand better in the natural biosphere and land-surface (“bottom-up”).

Carbon Group Working Areas:

Satellite-based greenhouse gas observations (primarily carbon dioxide and methane)
Carbon flux inverse modeling
Biospheric/land surface modeling of carbon, water and energy exchange
Atmospheric transport of trace gases

Key Science Goals:

A better understanding of the present state of the earth’s carbon cycle, and the contribution of the biosphere to carbon cycling at urban to regional to global scales.
Observing, understanding, and attributing changes to the earth’s carbon cycle in the era of climate change
Feasibility of monitoring anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases from satellites

Diagram of Measurements of GHG Concentrations in the Atmosphere

Carbon Group Working Areas:

Supporting OCO-2 and OCO-3 measurements of carbon dioxide via retrieval algorithm development and data analysis.
Supporting MethaneSAT measurements of methane and carbon dioxide via retrieval algorithm development and data analysis.
Supporting GOSAT, GOSAT-2, and GOSAT-GW measurements of carbon dioxide via retrieval algorithm development and data analysis.
Supporting measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide for GeoCarb

Team:

- Dr Chris O’Dell

- Dr Greg McGarragh

- Mr Tommy Taylor

- Mr Nick Kedzuf

Diagram of Natural CO2 and CO2 emissions transportation and mixing over the US

Image Credit: JPL

Carbon Group Working Areas:

Satellite-based greenhouse gas observations (primarily carbon dioxide and methane)
Carbon flux inverse modeling
Biospheric/land surface modeling of carbon, water and energy exchange
Atmospheric transport of trace gases

Key Science Goals:

A better understanding of the present state of the earth’s carbon cycle, and the contribution of the biosphere to carbon cycling at urban to regional to global scales.
Observing, understanding, and attributing changes to the earth’s carbon cycle in the era of climate change
Feasibility of monitoring anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases from satellites

Team:

Active Projects

Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 and 3 :: algorithm development and data analysis (with NASA JPL)

MethaneSat :: developing operational CO2 retrievals (with Environmental Defense Fund and Harvard Univ.)

Evaluating carbon dynamics across regions and scales (NASA, NOAA, NSF)

Designing optimized space-based GHG observing systems (with NASA Goddard)

Utilization of solar induced fluorescence (SIF) towards characterizing dryland agriculture (NASA and USDA)

Using a Novel Multiscale Modeling Framework to Characterize Brazil’s Carbon Cycle (NASA Carbon Monitoring System)

Constraining carbon fluxes and transport patterns using new spatiotemporal information in remotely sensed CO2

Trace Gas Flux Inversion Workshops SSIM-GHG 2025

Past Projects

GeoCarb :: continuing development/calibration of the instrument towards re-funding & space-flight (with Lockheed-Martin and LumenUs)

Trace Gas Flux Inversion Workshop, SSIM-GHG 2024, Fort Collins, Archived Material

ACT-America field campaign (with NASA and Penn State)

Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) :: instrument calibration, retrieval algorithm development and data analysis.

Our Working Themes:

Climate and Weather Processes
Satellite Algorithm Development, Training and Education
Modeling Systems Research
Data Assimilation

In-Preperation/Submitted/In-Review

Maity, S., Patra, P.K., …, Baker, D., et al., New metric for semi-hemispheric CO₂ flux evaluation using meridional CO₂ gradients, in prep

Cui, Y.Y., …, Baker, D., Schuh, A.E., et al., Regional evaluation of global inverse estimates of CO₂ net ecosystem exchange in multiple ecoregions of the United States using the ACT-America aircraft campaigns, in prep

Mendonca, J., … O’Dell, C.W., et. al., A neural network approach to filtering OCO-2 retrievals over snow, in prep

Published 2024

Bertolacci, M., Zammit-Mangion, A., Schuh, A.E., et al., Inferring changes to the global carbon cycle with WOMBAT v2.0, a hierarchical flux-inversion framework, Ann. Appl. Stat., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1214/23-AOAS1790

Published 2023

Jacobs, N., O’Dell, C.W., Taylor, T.E., et. al., The importance of digital elevation model accuracy in XCO₂ retrievals: improving the OCO-2 ACOS v11 product, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2023. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-151

McGarragh, G., O’Dell, C.W., et. al., The GeoCarb greenhouse gas retrieval algorithm: Simulations and sensitivity to sources of uncertainty, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2023. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-17

Gaubert, B., … Baker, D.F. , … Jacobs, N. … O’Dell, C.W. … Taylor, T.E., et al., Neutral tropical African CO₂ exchange estimated from aircraft and satellite observations, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 37 (12), 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007804

Schuh, A. E. and Jacobson, A. R., Uncertainty in parameterized convection remains a key obstacle for estimating surface fluxes of carbon dioxide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23 (11), 2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6285-2023

Keely, W., …, O’Dell, C.W., A nonlinear data-driven approach to bias correction of XCO₂ for NASA’s OCO-2 ACOS version 10, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16 (23), 2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5725-2023

Byrne, B., Baker, D.F., …, O’Dell, C.W., …, Schuh, A.E., et al., National CO₂ budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO₂ observations in support of the Global Stocktake, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023

Hakkarainen, J., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Building a bridge: Characterizing major anthropogenic point sources in the South
African Highveld region using OCO-3 carbon dioxide Snapshot Area Maps and Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI nitrogen dioxide columns, Environmental Research Letters, 18, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acb837

Taylor, T.E., O’Dell, C.W., et. al., Evaluating the consistency between OCO-2 and OCO-3 XCO₂ estimates derived from the NASA ACOS version 10 retrieval algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3173-2023

Bell, E., O’Dell, C. W., Taylor, T. E., et al., Exploring bias in the OCO-3 snapshot area mapping mode via geometry, surface, and aerosol effects, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 109–133, 2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-109-2023

Published 2022

Baker, D.F., Bell, E., et al., A new exponentially decaying error correlation model for assimilating OCO-2 column-average CO₂ data using a length scale computed from airborne lidar measurements Geosci. Model Dev., 15 (2), 2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-649-2022

Cui, Y.Y., …, Baker, D.F.,…,Schuh, A.E., et al., Evaluating global atmospheric inversions of terrestrial net ecosystem exchange CO₂ over North America on seasonal and sub-continental scales, Geophysical Res. Letters, 49, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100147

Gourdji, S.M., …, Baker, I.T., et al., A modified vegetation photosynthesis and respiration model (VPRM) for the Eastern USA and Canada, evaluated with comparison to atmospheric observations and other biospheric models, J. Geophys. Res. – Biogeosci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006290

Keller, G.R., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Inflight radiometric calibration and performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 3 for version 10 products. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 60, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3216825

Kuai, L., …, Baker, I.T., et al., Quantifying northern high latitude gross primary productivity (GPP) using carbonyl sulfide (OCS), Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007216

Nassar, R., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Tracking CO₂ emission reductions from space: A case study at Europe’s largest fossil fuel power plant, Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 3, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.1028240

Peiro, H., Crowell, S., Schuh, A.E., Baker, D.F., O’Dell, C.W., Baker, I.T., Four years of global carbon cycle observed from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) version 9 and in situ data and comparison to OCO-2 version 7, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1097-2022

Philip, S., Johnson, M.S., Baker, D.F., et al., OCO-2 satellite-imposed constraints on terrestrial biospheric CO₂ fluxes over South Asia, J. Geophys. Res.- Atmospheres, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035035

Schuh, A.E., et al. On the role of atmospheric model transport uncertainty in estimating the Chinese land carbon sink. Nature, 603, E13–E14, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04258-9

Stinecipher, J.R., …, Baker, I.T., Remotely sensed carbonyl sulfide constrains model estimates of Amazon primary productivity, Geophys. Res. Let., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096802

Taylor, T.E., O’Dell, C.W., et. al., An 11-year record of XCO₂ estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm. Earth System Science Data, 14 (1), 325-360, 2022, https:doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-325-2022

Walley, S., …, Bell, E., … Baker, D.F., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Airborne lidar measurements of XCO₂ in synoptically active environment and associated comparisons with numerical simulations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127 (16), 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035664

Wang, Y.,…, Baker, D.F., Schuh, A.E., et al., Constraining China’s land carbon sink from emerging satellite CO₂ observations: progress and challenges, Global Change Biology, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16412

Zhang, L., Davis, K. J., Schuh, A. E., et al. Multi-season evaluation of CO₂ weather in OCO-2 MIP models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035457

Published 2021

Buchwitz, M., …, O’Dell, C. W., et al., Can a regional-scale reduction of atmospheric CO₂ during the COVID-19 pandemic be detected from space? A case study for East China using satellite XCO₂ retrievals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14 (3), 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2141-2021

Cui, Y.Y., Baker, D.F., et al., Evaluation of CarbonTracker’s inverse estimates of North American net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ from different observing systems using ACT-America airborne observations, J. Geophys. Res.- Atm., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034406

Davis, K.J., …,Baker, D.F., Baker, I.T.,…, O’Dell, C.W., Schuh, A.E., et al., The Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT) America Mission., Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0300.1.

Feng, S., …, Baker, I.T., et al., Joint CO₂ mole fraction and flux analysis confirms missing processes in CASA
terrestrial carbon uptake over North America, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006914

Gallup, S.M., Baker, I.T., et al., Accurate simulation of both sensitivity and variability for Amazonian photosynthesis: Is it too much to ask?, J. Adv. Mod. Earth Sy., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002555

Gaudet, B.J.,…, Schuh, A.E., et al., Regional-scale, sector-specific evaluation of global CO₂ inversion models using aircraft data from the ACT-America project, JGR-Atmospheres, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033623

Hu, L., …, Baker, I.T., COS-derived GPP relationships with temperature and light help explain high-latitude atmospheric CO₂ seasonal cycle amplification, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2021, doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117736118

Kooijmans, L.M.J, …, Baker, I.T., et al., Evaluation of carbonyl sulfide biosphere exchange in the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB4), Biogeosciences, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6547-2021

Lei, R., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Fossil fuel CO₂ emissions over metropolitan areas from space: A multi-model analysis of OCO-2 data over Lahore, Pakistan, Rem. Sens. Env., 264, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112625

Massie, S.T., …, O’Dell, C.W., … Baker, D.F., Analysis of 3D cloud effects in OCO-2 XCO₂ retrievals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14 (2), 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1475-2021

Mendonca J., Nassar R., O’Dell C.W., et al., Assessing the feasibility of using a neural network to filter Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) retrievals at northern high latitudes, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14 (12), 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7511-2021

Nassar, R., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Advances in quantifying power plant CO₂ emissions with OCO-2, Rem. Sens. Env., 264, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112579

Parazoo, N., …, Baker, I.T., et al., Covariation of airborne biogenic tracers (CO₂, COS and CO) support stronger than expected growing season photosynthetic uptake in the southeastern US, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB006956

Schuh, A.E. et al., Far-field biogenic and anthropogenic emissions as a dominant source of variability in local urban carbon budgets: A global high-resolution model study with implications for satellite remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 262,2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112473.

Somkuti, P., O’Dell, C.W., …, McGarragh, G.R., et al., Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from the Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb): An extensive simulation study, Rem. Sens. Env., 263, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112565

Weir, B., Crisp, D., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Regional impacts of COVID-19 on carbon dioxide detected worldwide from space, Science Advances, 7 (45), 2021, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9415

Published 2020

Wang, J., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data, Nature, 586 (7831), 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2849-9

Payne, V.H., …, O’Dell, C.W., Absorption coefficient (ABSCO) tables for the Orbiting Carbon Observatories: Version 5.1, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 255, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107217

Bell, E., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Evaluation of OCO‐2 XCO₂ variability at local and synoptic scales using lidar and in situ observations from the ACT‐America campaigns, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125 (10), 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031400

Campbell, J.F., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Field evaluation of column CO₂ retrievals from intensity‐modulated continuous‐wave differential absorption lidar measurements during the ACT‐America campaign, Earth and Space Science, 7 (12),
2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000847

Johnson, M.S., …, O’Dell, C.W., Carbon dioxide emissions during the 2018 Kilauea volcano eruption estimated using OCO‐2 satellite retrievals, Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (24), 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090507

Chevallier, F., …, O’Dell, C.W., Local anomalies in the column‐averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide across the globe during the first months of the coronavirus recession, Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (22), 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090244

Taylor, T.E., et. al., OCO-3 early mission operations and initial (vEarly) XCO₂ and SIF retrievals, Remote Sensing of Environment, 251, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112032

Feng, S.,…, Schuh, A.E., Baker, I.T., Seasonal characteristics of model uncertainties from biogenic fluxes, transport, and large‐scale boundary inflow in atmospheric CO₂ simulations over North America, JGR-Atmospheres, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031165

Yu, S., …, Taylor, T.E., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Stability assessment of OCO-2 radiometric calibration using aqua MODIS as a reference, Remote Sensing, 12 (8), 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081269

Nelson, R. R., …, O’Dell, C.W., Retrieved wind speed from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13 (12), 2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6889-2020

Jacobs, N., …, O’Dell, C. W., Quality controls, bias, and seasonality of CO₂ columns in the boreal forest with Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, Total Carbon Column Observing Network, and EM27/SUN measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13 (9), 2020,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5033-2020

Reuter, M., …, O’Dell, C. W., et al., Ensemble-based satellite-derived carbon dioxide and methane column-averaged dry-
air mole fraction data sets (2003–2018) for carbon and climate applications, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13 (2), 2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-789-2020

Wang, J., …, Baker, D.F., et al., The impacts of fossil fuel emission uncertainties and accounting for 3-D chemical CO₂ production on inverse natural carbon flux estimates from satellite and in situ data, Environ. Res. Lett., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9795

Published 2019

Reuter, M., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Towards monitoring localized CO₂ emissions from space: co-located regional CO₂ and NO₂ enhancements observed by the OCO-2 and S5P satellites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19 (14), 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9371-2019

Baker, I.T., et al., Surface-atmosphere coupling scale, the fate of water, and ecophysiological function in a Brazilian forest, Adv. Mod. Earth Sy., 11 (8), 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001650

Haynes, K.D., Baker, I.T., et al., Representing grasslands using dynamic prognostic phenology based on biological growth stages: 1. Implementation in the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB4), J. Adv. Mod. Earth Sy., 11 (12), 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001540

Haynes, K.D., Baker, I.T., et al, Representing grasslands using dynamic prognostic phenology based on biological growth stages: 2. Carbon cycling, J. Adv. Mod. Earth Sy., 11 (12), 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001541

Schuh, A.E.,…, Baker, D.F., et al., Quantifying the impact of atmospheric transport uncertainty on CO₂ surface flux estimates, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006086

Crowell, S., Baker, D.F., Schuh, A.E.,…,O’Dell, C.W., et al., The 2015–2016 Carbon Cycle As Seen from OCO-2 and the Global In Situ Network, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9797-2019

Eldering, A., Taylor, T.E., O’Dell, C.W. and Pavlick, R., The OCO-3 mission: measurement objectives and expected performance based on 1 year of simulated data, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 12 (4), 2341-2370, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2341-2019

Kulawik, S.S., O’Dell, C.W., Nelson, R. R., and Taylor, T. E., Validation of OCO-2 error analysis using simulated retrievals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12 (10), 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5317-2019

Kulawik, S.S., Crowell. S., Baker, D.F., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Characterization of OCO-2 and ACOS-GOSAT biases and errors for CO₂ flux estimates, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-257

Chevallier, F., Remaud, M., O’Dell, C.W., Baker, D.F., and Cozic, A., Objective evaluation of surface- and satellite-driven carbon dioxide atmospheric inversions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19 (22), 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14233-2019

Kiel, M., O’Dell, C.W., et. al., How bias correction goes wrong: measurement of XCO₂ affected by erroneous surface pressure estimates, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 12 (4), 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2241-2019.

Nelson, R.R., and O’Dell, C.W., The impact of improved aerosol priors on near-infrared measurements of carbon dioxide, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 12 (3), 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1495-2019

Byrne, B., …, Baker, D.F., et al., On what scales can GOSAT flux inversions constrain anomalies in terrestrial ecosystems?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13017-2019

Palmer, P.I., Feng, L., Baker, D.F., Chevallier, F., Bosch, H., and Somkuti, P., Net carbon emissions from African biosphere dominate pan-tropical atmospheric CO₂ signal, Nature Communications, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11097-w

Bushinsky, S.M., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Reassessing Southern Ocean air-sea CO₂ flux estimates with the addition of biogeochemical float observations, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006176

Philip, S., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Prior biosphere model impact on global terrestrial CO₂ fluxes estimated from OCO-2 retrievals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13267-2019

Kawa, S.R., Abshire, J.B., Baker, D.F., et al., Active Sensing of CO₂ Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS): Final Report of the ASCENDS Ad Hoc Science Definition Team, 2019, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190000855

Published 2018

Basu, S., Baker, D.F., et al., The impact of transport model differences on CO₂ surface flux estimates from OCO-2 retrievals of column average CO₂, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7189-2018

O’Dell, C.W.,…Taylor, T.E.,…,Baker, D.F., et. al., Improved retrievals of carbon dioxide from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 with the version 8 ACOS algorithm, Atmospheric Measurements Techniques, 11 (12), 2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6539-2018

Buchwitz, M.,…, O’Dell, C.W., Computation and analysis of atmospheric carbon dioxide annual mean growth rates from satellite observations during 2003–2016, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18 (23), 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17355-2018

Moore, B., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., The potential of the Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb) to provide multi-scale constraints on the carbon cycle in the Americas, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00109

Published 2017

Baker, I.T., et al., Closing the scale gap between land surface parameterizations and GCMs with a new scheme, SiB3-Bins, J. Adv. Mod. Earth Sy., 9 (1), 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000764

Published 2016

Coming soon…

Published 2015

Houweling, S., Baker, D.F., et al., An inter-comparison of inverse models for estimating sources and sinks of CO₂ using GOSAT measurements, Journal Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022962

Published 2014

Wang, J.S., …, Baker, D.F., et al., A regional CO₂ observing system simulation experiment for the ASCENDS satellite mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12897-2014

Published 2013

Schuh, A.E., et al, Evaluating atmospheric CO₂ inversions at multiple scales over a highly inventoried agricultural landscape, Global Change Biology, 19 (5), 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12141

Baker, I.T., et al., Surface ecophysiological behavior across vegetation and moisture gradients in Amazonia, Agric. For. Meteor., 182-183, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.015

Berry, J.A.,…, Baker, I.T., et al., A coupled model of the global cycles of carbonyl sulfide and CO₂: A possible new window on the carbon cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 118 (2), 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20068

O’Brien, D.M., Polonsky, I., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Testing the polarization model for TANSO-FTS on GOSAT against clear-sky observations of sun-glint over the ocean, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 51 (12), 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2232673

Published 2012

Crisp, D., Fisher, B.M., O’Dell, C.W., …, O’Brien, D.M., …,Polonsky, I., …, Taylor, T.E., et al., The ACOS XCO₂ retrieval algorithm, Part 2: Global XCO₂ data characterization, Atmos Meas. Tech., 5 (4), 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-687-2012

Frankenberg, C., O’Dell, C.W., L. Guanter, and J. McDuffie, Remote sensing of near-infrared chlorophyll fluorescence from space in scattering atmospheres: implications for its retrieval and interferences with atmospheric CO₂ retrievals, Atmos Meas. Tech., 5 (8), 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2081-2012

Frankenberg, C., Hasekamp, O., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Aerosol information content analysis of multi-angle high spectral resolution measurements and its benefit for high accuracy greenhouse gas retrievals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5 (7), https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1809-2012

Hammerling, D., Michalak, A., O’Dell, C.W., and Kawa, S.R, Global CO₂ distributions over land from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), Geophys. Res. Lett, 39 (8), 2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051203

Houweling, S., Badawy, B., Baker, D.F., …, Schuh, A.E., et al., Iconic CO₂ time series at risk, Science, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.337.6098.1038-b

Lauvaux, T., Schuh, A.E., et al., Network design for mesoscale inversions of CO₂ sources and sinks, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17980

Lauvaux, T., Schuh, A. E., et al., Constraining the CO₂ budget of the corn belt: exploring uncertainties from the assumptions in a mesoscale inverse system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2012, https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/337/2012/

Nevison, C.D., Baker, D.F., and Gurney, K.R., A methodology for estimating seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO₂ resulting from terrestrial net ecosystem exchange (NEE) fluxes using the Transcom T3L2 pulse-response functions, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-2789-2012

O’Dell, C.W., …, O’Brien, D.M., …, Polonsky, I., …, Taylor, T.E., et al., The ACOS CO₂ retrieval algorithm, Part 1: Description and validation against synthetic observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5 (1), 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-99-2012

Oshchepkov, S., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., Effects of atmospheric light scattering on spectroscopic observations of greenhouse gases from space: Validation of PPDF-based CO₂ retrievals from GOSAT, J. Geophys. Res. – Atmospheres, 117 (D12), 2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017505

Taylor, T.E., O’Dell, C.W., O’Brien, D.M., et al., Comparison of cloud screening methods applied to GOSAT near-infrared spectra, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens, 50 (1), 2012, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160270

Published 2011

Boesch, H., Baker, D.F., et al., Global characterization of CO₂ column retrievals from shortwave-infrared satellite observations of the OCO-2 mission, Remote Sens., 2011, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3020270

Day, J.O., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Preflight spectral calibration of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49 (7), 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2107745

O’Dell, C.W., Day, J.O., …, O’Brien, D.M., et al., Preflight radiometric calibration of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49 (6), 2011, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2090887.

Turnbull, J.C., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Atmospheric observations of carbon monoxide and fossil fuel CO₂ emissions from East Asia, J.G.R.– Atmos., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016691

Wunch, D., …, O’Dell, C.W., et al., A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO₂ total columns from space, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11 (23), 2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12317-2011

Published 2010

Baker, D.F.,…, O’Brien, D.M., et al., Carbon source/sink information provided by column CO₂ measurements from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4145-2010

Corbin, K. D., …, Schuh, A.E., …, Baker, I.T., Assessing the impact of crops on regional CO₂ fluxes and atmospheric concentrations, Tellus, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00485.x

Schuh, A.E.,…,Baker, I.T., et al., A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004, Biogeosciences, 7, 1625-1644, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1625-2010

Kuze, A., O’Brien, D.M., Taylor, T.E., Day, J.O., O’Dell, C.W., et al., Vicarious calibration of the GOSAT sensors using the Railroad Valley Desert Playa, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49 (5), 2010, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2089527

O’Dell, C.W., Acceleration of multiple-scattering, hyperspectral radiative transfer calculations via low-streams interpolation, J. Geophys. Res. – Atmospheres, 115 (D10206), 2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012803

Published 2009

Schuh, A.E.,…Baker, I.T., et al., Seeing the forest through the trees: Recovering large-scale carbon flux biases in the midst of small-scale variability, Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences, 114 (G3), 2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000842

Vidot, J., Bennartz, J.R., O’Dell, C.W., et al, CO₂ retrieval over clouds from the OCO mission: Model simulations and error analysis, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26 (6), 1090-1104, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1200.1

Published 2008

Gurney, K.R., Baker, D.F., et al., Interannual variations in continental-scale net carbon exchange and sensitivity to observing networks estimated from atmospheric CO₂ inversions for the period 1980 to 2005, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003082

Nevison, C.D., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Contribution of ocean, fossil fuel, land biosphere, and biomass burning carbon fluxes to seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric CO₂, J. Geophys. Res.- Biogeosciences, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000408

Published 2007

Baker, D.F., Climate Change: Reassessing Carbon Sinks, Perspectives, Science, 2007, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1144863

Williams, C.A., …, Baker, D.F., Africa and the global carbon cycle, Carbon Balance and Management, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-2-3

Published 2006

Baker, D.F., et al., TransCom3 inversion inter-comparison: Interannual variability of regional CO₂ sources and sinks, 1988-2003, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002439

Baker, D.F., et al., Variational data assimilation for atmospheric CO₂, Tellus-B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00218.x

Heidinger, A.K., O’Dell, C.W., et al., The successive order of interaction radiative transfer model, Part I: Model development, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 45 (10), 2006, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2387.1

O’Dell, C.W., et al., The successive order of interaction radiative transfer model, Part II: Model performance and applications, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 45 (10), 2006, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2409.1

Published 2005

Bruhwiler, L.M.P., …, Baker, D.F., and Tans, P., An improved Kalman smoother for atmospheric inversions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2691-2005

Published 2004

Gurney, K.R., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Transcom3 inversion inter-comparison: Model mean results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002111

Published 2003

Gurney, K.R., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Transcom3 CO₂ inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux info, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16728

Published 2002

Gurney, K.R., …, Baker, D.F., et al., Towards robust regional estimates of CO₂ sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models, Nature, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1038/415626a

Peylin, P., Baker, D.F., et al., Influence of transport uncertainty on annual mean and seasonal inversions of atmospheric CO₂ data, J. Geophys. Res. – Atmospheres, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000857

Schimel, D., and Baker, D.F., The wildfire factor, News and Views, Nature, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1038/420029a

Published 2001

Pacala, S.W., Hurtt, G.C., Baker, D.F., et al., Consistent land- and atmosphere-based U.S. carbon sink estimates, Science, 2001, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1057320

Published 2000

Baker, D.F., An inversion method for determining time-dependent surface CO₂ fluxes, in Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., 114, edited by P Kasibhatla et al., pp. 279-293, AGU, Washington, D.C., 2000, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/GM114#page=276

Group Alumni (year of departure)

Emily Bell (2023). Emily completed her Masters degree in the CSU Atmospheric Science department in 2018 under the supervision of Dr. Chris O’Dell. She continued to work within the CIRA Carbon Group through September of 2023, providing analysis of data obtained during the ACT-America campaign and, later, on a simulation based study of biases in the Level 2 Full Physics retrieval. She currently works at NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Dr. Nicole Jacobs (2023). After obtaining her PhD in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology at the Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, Niki started a postdoc in October 2020 with Dr. Chris O’Dell, continuing her research on high latitude retrievals of XCO₂, as well as a detailed study on the effects of Digital Elevation Models on the full physics retrieval. She left the group in October 2023 for a research position in the Wunch group at the University of Toronto.

Heather Cronk (2022). Heather obtained a Masters in Atmospheric Science in 2009 under the supervision of Prof. Tom Vonderhar. After a brief stint as a high school math teacher, she took several positions related to the pre and post-launch characterization of the S-NPP VIIRS satellite at NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Center. In 2013 she joined the CloudSat Data Processing Center, housed at CSU CIRA. For a number of years, her time was split between the CDPC and the Carbon Group, where she was responsible for developing data pipelines, algorithms, analysis tools, data products, and documentation. In approximately 2018 she was selected as the Ground System Manager for NASA’s GeoCarb Ground Data Operations Center, located at CSU CIRA. In June 2023 she took a new position as Data Systems Team Lead at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) in Boulder, Colorado.

Dr. Peter Somkuti (2021). Peter obtained his PhD with the Earth Observation Science group at the University of Leicester (United Kingdom), under the supervision of Prof. Hartmut Bösch. He then joined CSU’s CIRA Carbon group in 2018 for a 2 year post-doc position, focusing on greenhouse gas retrievals from space. He left the CIRA Carbon Group in 2021 to serve as the GeoCarb Deputy Project Scientist. More recently, he took a position at NASA’s Global Modelling and Assimilation Office in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Dr. Robert Nelson (2019). Rob completed his PhD in the CSU Atmospheric Science department in 2019 under the supervision of Dr. Chris O’Dell. His area of focus was the study of CO₂ retrievals from OCO-2. After graduation, Rob took a post-doc with the OCO team and is now a Research Scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Dr. Michael Cheeseman (2018). Michael received his Masters degree at CSU Atmospheric Science department in 2018, advised by Prof. Scott Denning, with technical support from the CIRA Carbon Team. Prior to attending CSU, Michael was a summer research student, at which time he began his collaboration with the CIRA Carbon Group. He received his PhD at CSU in 2021, studying satellite detection of air quality in Prof. Jeff Pierce’s research group.

Andrew Manaster (2016). Andrew completed his Masters degree in the CSU Atmospheric Science department in 2016 under the supervision of Drs. Christian Kummerow and Chris O’Dell. His study focused on cloud feedbacks in the climate system. He is now a researcher at Remote Sensing Systems in Santa Rosa, CA.

Dr. Hannakaisa Lindqvist (2015). Hannakaisa did a post-doc with Dr. Chris O’Dell in January 2014 through June 2015, where she focused on improvements in the radiative transfer for the OCO retrieval algorithm, and performed analysis of GOSAT XCO₂ data and is currently head of the Greenhouse Gases and Satellite Methods Group at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), in Helsinki, Finland.

Dr. Igor Polonsky (2012). Initially working for Professor Graeme Stephens on the CloudSat project, Igor joined the CIRA Carbon group circa 2009 as a Research Scientist specializing in radiative transfer theory and application. In approximately 2012, Igor left CIRA, and is now a researcher at Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER).

Dr. Denis O’Brien (2012). Denis is considered to be the founder of the CIRA Carbon Research Group. A mathematician by training, he was a pioneer in the field of remote sensing of carbon dioxide from space, publishing several early fundamental papers. While working as a Senior Research Scientist for Professor Graeme Stephens at CSU’s Atmospheric Science Department, Denis secured project funding for NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory algorithm development circa 2006. Shortly thereafter, Dr Chris O’Dell and Mr Tommy Taylor were hired to assist with the OCO effort. In 2012, after loosing his home to a wildfire, Denis relocated back to his native Australia, where he currently resides. At that time Dr. Chris O’Dell became the defacto group leader. As recently as approximately 2020, Denis remained active in the field of greenhouse gas remote sensing, most notably assisting with early GeoCarb efforts.

Dr Jason Day (2009). After receiving his PhD in Physics from the Univ. Wisc., Madison, Jason served a post-doc in the CIRA Carbon Group prior to taking a position on “The Hill” in Washington, D.C. in September 2009 as an AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow. In 2011, he served as an AGU/AAAS Congressional Science Fellow to Senator Al Franken, followed by 5 years in the U.S. House of Representatives as a legislative policy advisor. His career in legislative policy continues most recently as a Research Policy Director at the U.S. Department of Defense.