ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE RESEARCH SUPPORT

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/J. Purdom

Sponsor: NOAA

Abstract - As a link among CIRA, NOAA/NESDIS, and the general population of satellite data users, this position will work toward the goal of advancing more comprehensive use of satellite data by all users. The aim is to highlight the value of satellite data for environmental applications. Several areas of attention have been identified for the position and are described below.

Liaise with such international groups as the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites, and World Meteorological Organization, to educate them on the relevance of satellites as part of an Integrated Global Observing System (IGOS).

Carry out studies to promote the role of satellites within an IGOS context and accordingly prepare papers and present scholarly lectures that pertain to this subject matter.

Spearhead efforts to expand the uses of environmental satellite data through training programs and lectures in national and international arenas.

Connell, B. H., M. DeMaria, J. Sessing, V. Leon, and J. F. W. Purdom. 2002. Reconstruction efforts for meteorological offices in Central America in the wake of Hurricane Mitch. AMS 29th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, TS-28.1.

Connell, B. H., K. Gould, and J. F. W Purdom. 2001. High resolution GOES-8 visible and infrared cloud frequency composites over northern Florida during the summers 1996-1999. Weather and Forecasting 16, no. 6: 713-24.

Levizzani, V., P. Bauer, D. H. Hinsman, A. Khain, C. Kidd, F. S. Marzano, F. Meneguzzo, A. Mugnai, J. P. Poiares-Baptista, F. Prodi, J. F. W. Purdom, D. Rosenfeld, J. Schmetz, E. A. Smith, F. Tampieri, F. J. Turk, and G. A. Vicente. 2001. EURAINSAT: European satellite rainfall analysis and monitoring at the geostationary scale. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 650-654.

Purdom, J. F. W. 2002. Environmental satellite remote sensing in the 21st century. AMS 29th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, TS-13.5.

———. 2002. The virtual laboratory for satellite training and data utilization. AMS 29th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, TS-1.2.

———. 2003. Local severe storm monitoring and prediction using satellite data. MAUSAM 54, no. 1: 141-54.

Purdom, J. F. W., and A. Mostek. 2001. Virtual laboratory for satellite training in meteorology. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 324-27.

Uccellini, L., F. Einaudi, J. F. W. Purdom, D. Rogers, R. Gelaro, J. Dodge, R. Atlas, and S. Lord. 2001. Weather prediction improvement using advanced satellite technology. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 216-19.

AIR-SEA INTERACTION REMOTE SENSING PROCESSES

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/S. Frisch

Sponsors: NOAA/ETL

Abstract - Development of cloud radar-radiometer techniques for the measurement of stratus cloud microphysical quantities continued. Analysis of data sets from field experiments has begun to compare simultaneous radar-radiometer measurements of stratus cloud properties with aircraft observations.

Albrecht, B. A., C. Bretherton, R. H. Johnson, W. H. Schubert, and A. S. Frisch. 1995. The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment-ASTEX. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 76: 889-904.

Banta, R. M., B. Grund C. J. Orr, D. H. Levinson, A. S. Frisch, and S. D. Mayer. 1997. Estimation of TKE and momentum flux profiles from Doppler lidar scans during LIFT. AMS 12th Symposium on Boundary Layer and Turbulence Symposium.

Branson, M D., and D. A. Randall. 1995. A new boundary layer cloud parameterization. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Cotton, W. R., S. M. Kreidenweis, P. Q. Olsson, J. Y. Harrington, M. J. Wiessbluth, and G. Feingold. 1995. Challenges to modeling arctic stratus clouds. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Eberhard, W. L., S. Y. Matrosov, A. S. Frisch, and J. M. Intriere. 1997. Microphysical retrievals from simultaneous radar and optical or microwave measurements. WMO Workshop on Measurements of Cloud Properties for Climate Studies.

Feingold, G., A. S. Frisch, B. Stevens, and W. R. Cotton. 1997. Drizzling stratocumulus as viewed by radar, radiometer and lidar. 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence .

———. 1999. On the relationship among cloud turbulence, droplet formation, and drizzle as viewed by Doppler radar, microwave radiometer and lidar. J. Geophys. Res. 104: 22195-203.

Feingold, G., B. Stevens, W. R. Cotton, and A. S. Frisch. 1996. On the relationship between drop in-cloud resistance time and drizzle production in numerically simulated stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 53: 1108-22.

Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall. 1995. Impact of mixed-phase clouds in the CSU GCM. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Frisch, A. S., C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider. 1995. Measurement of stratus cloud and drizzle parameters in ASTEX with a K-Band Doppler radar and a microwave radiometer. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 2789-99.

Frisch, A. S., C. W. Fairall, J. B. Snider, and D. H. Lenschow. 1995. Ground based cloud radar and radiometer methods for measuring stratus cloud parameters. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Frisch, A. S., G. Feingold, I. Djalalova, and M. Poellot. 2000. On the retrieval of the effective radius in continental stratus clouds with cloud radars. 10th ARM Science Team Meeting.

Frisch, A. S., G. Feingold, C. W. Fairall, and B. Orr. 1995. Drizzle parameter measurements with a cloud sensing radar during ASTEX. AMS 27th Conference on Radar Meteorology.

Frisch, A. S., G. Feingold, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider. 1998. On cloud radar and microwave radiometer measurements of stratus cloud liquid water. 8th ARM Science Team Meeting.

———. 1998. On cloud radar and microwave radiometer measurements of stratus cloud liquid water profiles. 4th Tropospheric Profiling Symposium.

Frisch, A. S., G. Feingold, C. W. Fairall, T. Uttal, and J. B. Snider. 1998. On cloud radar and microwave radiometer measurements of stratus cloud liquid water profiles. J. Geophys. Res. 103: 23195-97.

Frisch, A. S., G. Feingold, T. Uttal, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider. 1997. Stratus cloud properties with a cloud radar and microwave radiometer. AMS 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology.

Frisch, A. S., D. H. Lenschow, C. W. Fairall, W. H. Schubert, and J. S. Gibson. 1995. Doppler radar measurements of turbulence in marine stratiform cloud during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 2800-2808.

Frisch, A. S., D. H. Lenschow, B. Martner, B. Orr, and D. Fitzgerald. 1997. Doppler radar measurements of vertical velocity statistics boreal forest. Boundary Layer and Turbulence Symposium.

Frisch, A. S., B. E. Martner, I. Djalalova, and M. R. Poellot. 1999. Comparison of radar/radiometer retrievals of stratus cloud liquid water content profiles with in-situ measurements by aircraft. 9th ARM Science Team Meeting.

———. 2000. Comparison of radar/radiometer retrievals of stratus cloud liquid water content profiles with in-situ measurements by aircraft. J. Geophys. Res. 105: 15361-64.

Frisch, A. S., B. E. Martner, B. W. Orr, and D. H. Lenschow. 1999. The effect of cumulus cloud formation on boundary layer turbulence. 9th ARM Science Team Meeting.

Frisch, A. S., W. H. Schubert, and D. A. Randall. 1995. "Compilation of ETL/CSU cloud-related process modeling and measurement workshop proceedings." ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Frisch, A. S., M. D. Schupe, I. Djalalova, G. Feingold, and M. Poellot. 2002. The retrieval of stratus cloud droplet effect radius with cloud radars. J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech. 19: 835-42.

Frisch, A. S., M. Shupe, I. Djalalova, G. Feingold, and M. Poellot. 2002. On the retrieval of effective radius with cloud radars. J. Geophys. Res.: 19835-42.

Frisch, A. S., T. Uttal, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider. 1997. On the measurement of stratus cloud properties with a cloud radar and microwave radiometer. IGARS.

Frisch, A. S., and P. Zuidema. 2003. On the vertical profile of liquid water flux in stratus clouds using a millimeter cloud radar. AMS 31st International Conference on Radar Meteorology.

Gossard, E. E., B. B. Snider, E. E. Clothiaux, B. Martner, J. S. Gibson, R. A. Kropfli, and A. S. Frisch. 1997. The potential of 8 mm-radars for remotely sensing cloud drop size distribution. J. Atmos. and Ocean. Tech. 14: 76-87.

Gossard, E. E., J. B. Snider, J. S. Gibson, A. S. Frisch, B. Martner, and R. A. Kropfli. 1995. The potential of 8-mm radars for remotely sensing cloud drop-size distributions. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Kropfli, R., S. Matrosov, T. Uttal, B. Orr, A. S. Frisch, C. Clark, B. Bartram, R. Reinking, J. B. Snider, and B. E. Martner. 1995. Cloud physics studies with 8mm wavelength radar. J. Atmos. Res. 35, no. 2-4: 299-313.

Kuan-Man, X., and D. A. Randall. 1995. Cloud ensemble simulation with observed large-scale data: Developing and evaluating cloudiness parameterizations. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Lasarus, K., and A. S. Frisch. 2000. Evaluation of a cloud fraction parameterization using observations and model data. 10th ARM Science Team Meeting.

Lazarus, S. M., S. K. Krueger, and A. S. Frisch. 1999. An evaluation of the Xu-Randall cloud fraction parameterization using ASTEX data. ARM Science Team Meeting.

Martner, B., A. S. Frisch, and R. Banta. 1995. Diurnal evolution of boundary layer turbulence over a boreal forest as observed by Doppler radar. AMS Conference on Radar Meteorology.

Matrosov, S. Y., A. S. Frisch, R. S. Kropfli, and T. Uttal. 2000. Retrievals of cloud content and particle characteristic size using NOAA ETL cloud radars. 1st International Workshop on Spaceborne Cloud Profiling Radar.

Randall, D. A. 1995. An overview of cloud measurements and models. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Reinking, R., A. S. Frisch, D. Korn, B. W. Orr, L. R. Bissonnette, and G. Roy. 2003. Observations of effects of mountain blocking on traveling gravity-shear waves and associated clouds. Boundary Layer Meteorology (Accepted).

Reinking, R. F., B. W. Orr, L. R. Bissonnette, G. Roy, A. S. Frisch, S. Y. Matrosov, and C. C. Ryerson. 2000. Remote sensing of cloud droplets during MWISP. 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Schupe, M. D., T. Uttal, S. Matrosov, and A. S. Frisch. 2001. Cloud water contents and hydrometer sizes during the FIRE-Arctic cloud experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 106, Fire ACE Special Issue: 15015-28.

Shao, Q., and D. A. Randall. 1995. Mesoscale circulations as driven by cloud-top cooling. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

Stevens, B. 1995. What does entrainment look like anyway: Some thoughts on entraining boundary layers. ETL/CSU Cloud-Related Process Modeling and Measurement Workshop.

White, A., C. W. Fairall, A. S. Frisch, B. Orr, and J. B. Snider. 1996. Recent radar measurements of turbulence and microphysical parameters in marine boundary layer clouds. J. Atmos. Res. 40: 177-221.

AMS GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP FOR 1999/2000 FOR JULIE DEMUTH

Principal Investigator: T. Vonder Haar

Sponsor: AMS

Abstract - Support from the American Meteorological Society for graduate students.

DeMaria, M., J. Demuth, and J. A. Knaff. 2001. Validation of an advanced microwave sounder unit (AMSU) tropical cyclone intensity and size estimation algorithm. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

DeMaria, M., R. M. Zehr, C. S. Velden, J. A. Knaff, J. L. Demuth, and K. F. Brueske. 2002. An update on Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) projects at CIRA and CIMSS. 56th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

Demuth, J. L. 2001. "Objectively estimating tropical cyclone intensity and wind structure using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit." MS Thesis. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Demuth, J. L., K. Brueske, J. A. Knaff, C. Velden, and M. DeMaria. 2002. An evaluation of CIMSS and CIRA AMSU tropical cyclone intensity estimation algorithms. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 27-28.

Demuth, J. L., M. DeMaria, J. Knaff, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. An objective method for estimating tropical cyclone intensity and structure from NOAA-15 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data. AMS 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 484-85.

Demuth, J. L., M. DeMaria, J. A. Knaff, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. Evaluation of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) tropical cyclone intensity and size estimation algorithms. J. Applied Met. (Submitted).

Knaff, J. A., M. DeMaria, and J. L. Demuth. 2000. Tropical cyclone forecast products derived from the Advance Microwave Sounding Unit. Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE BRAVO STUDY

Principal Investigators: S. Kreidenweis/J. Collett, Jr.

Sponsors: NPS

Abstract: This proposal seeks funds to perform analyses of data from the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study. This group was supported in 1999-2000 to participate in BRAVO, to collect samples and make observations, and to perform chemical analyses and data reduction. The overall project goal was to examine the chemical composition, degree of internal mixing, and scattering and absorption properties of aerosols at Big Bend National Park during July-October, 1999. The ultimate goals of our data analyses are: 1. characterize summer and fall aerosols at the surface at Big Bend, including chemical composition, size distribution, and optical properties; 2. develop an understanding of aerosol sources and transformations by combining the characterization with meteorological and source information; 3. determine whether known organic tracers can be used for aerosol source apportionment in BRAVO; 4. investigate the contributions of secondary organic species to aerosol mass and evaluate their potential use as tracers for source apportionment.

In this proposal, we are specifically requesting funds to support personnel to perform the analysis work needed to address our goals. We have already completed most of our initial data processing and submitted results to the BRAVO data base. We are now prepared to work on data interpretation, including collaborating with other BRAVO investigators to share data needed to address BRAVO study objectives. Our proposed work will also include additional laboratory studies of organic identification methods and applicability to the Big Bend site during these seasons. As part of this, we will analyze for organic compounds in numerous source samples obtained for us by DRI during their work on BRAVO source characterization.

Arnott, W. P., H. Moosmuller, C. F. Rogers, J. L. Hand, D. E. Sherman, S. G. Brown, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2000. Light absorption measurements during the BRAVO project at Big Bend National Park, Texas, Fall 1999. Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics.

Arnott, W. P., H. Moosmuller, P. J. Sheridan, J. A. Ogren, R. Raspet, W. V. Slaton, J. L. Hand, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2003. Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements: Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity. J. Geophys. Res. 108, no. D1: 4034.

Brown, S. 2001. "Characterization of carbonaceous aerosol during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study." M.S, Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Brown, S. G., P. Herckes, L. Ashbaugh, M. P. Hannigan, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2002. Characterization of organic aerosol present in Big Bend National Park, Texas during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study. Atmos. Environ. 36: 5807-18.

Brown, S. G., P. Herckes, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2001. "Characterization of carbonaceous aerosol during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study." CIRA Report, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Brown, S. G., D. E. Sherman, J. L. Hand, T. Lee, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2000. Aethalometer measurements of sub- and super-micron black carbon during the BRAVO study. 19th Annual Meeting of the AAAR.

Collett, J. L., S. Brown, P. Herckes, T. Lee, M. Hannigan, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 2001. The molecular composition of BRAVO organic aerosol. BRAVO Data Analysis Meeting.

Collett, J. L. Jr., T. Lee, J. L. Hand, D. E. Sherman, J. E. Reilly, M. P. Hannigan, S. G. Brown, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 2000. Chemical and physical properties of aerosol sampled at Big Bend National Park during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO). 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Collett, J. L. Jr., T. Lee, D. E. Sherman, J. E. Reilly, S. G. Brown, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 2001. The composition of aerosol sampled at Big Bend National Park during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO). AWMA Conference.

Hand, J. L. 2001. "A new technique for obtaining aerosol size distributions with applications to estimates of aerosol properties." Colorado State University.

Hand, J. L., and S. M. Kreidenweis. 2001. "A new technique for obtaining aerosol size distributions with applications to estimates of aerosol properties." CIRA Technical Paper No. 0737-5352-49, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Hand, J. L., S. M. Kreidenweis, N. Kreisberg, S. Hering, M. Stolzenburg, W. Dick, and P. H. McMurry. 2002. Comparisons of aerosol properties measured by impactors and light scattering from individual particles: Refractive index, number and volume concentrations, and size distributions. Atmospheric Environment 36: 1853-61.

Hand, J. L., S. M. Kreidenweis, D. E. Sherman, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2002. A new method for retrieving particle refractive index and effective density from aerosol size distribution data. Aerosol Science and Technology 36, no. 10: 1012-26.

Hand, J. L., S. M. Kreidenweis, D. E. Sherman, J. L. Jr. Collett, S. V. Hering, D. E. Day, and W. C. Malm. 2002. Aerosol size distributions and visibility estimates during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational Study (BRAVO). Atmospheric Environment 36: 5043-55.

Hand, J. L., S. M. Kreidenweis, D. E. Sherman, J. L. Jr. Collett, T. Lee, J. R. Slusser, G. Scott, and L. L. Ashbaugh. 2001. Investigations of aerosol optical properties using ground based remote sensing, aerosol size distributions and chemical measurements at Big Bend National Park, Texas. IAMAS 8th Scientific Assembly.

Hand, J. L., S. M. Kreidenweis, J. Slusser, W. Gao, and G. Scott. 2000. The relative contributions of accumulation and coarse mode particles to aerosol optical depth and their effect on the spectral variation of the Angstrom coefficient during BRAVO. 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Hand, J. L., D. E. Sherman, S. M. Kreidenweis, J. L. Collett, T. Lee, D. E. Day, and W. C. Malm. 2000. Characterization of aerosol physical and optical properties during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO). 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Hand, J. L., D. E. Sherman, S. M. Kreidenweis, J. L. Jr. Collett, T. Lee, D. E. Day, and W. C. Malm. 2001. Aerosol physical and optical properties during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility Study (BRAVO). AWMA Conference.

Herckes, P., S. Brown, T. Lee, M. P. Hannigan, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2001. Molecular composition of organic aerosol sampled at Big Bend National Park, Texas during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study. AWMA 20th Conference.

———. 2001. Molecular composition of organic aerosol sampled at Big Bend National Park, Texas during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO). 20th Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Herckes, P., M. P. Hannigan, D. E. Sherman, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2000. Molecular composition of organic aerosol sampled at the Big Bend National Park (U.S.A.) during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational study (BRAVO). 7th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere.

Herckes, P., T. Lee, J. E. Reilly, M. P. Hannigan, D. E. Sherman, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2000. Chemical characteristics of aerosol sampled at the Big Bend National Park (U.S.A.) during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational study (BRAVO). Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics.

Lee, T., J. E. Reilly, M. P. Hannigan, D. E. Sherman, J. L. Hand, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2000. Comparison of observed and model-predicted aerosol composition during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO). 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Malm, W. C., D. E. Day, J. L. Hand, S. M. Kreidenweis, T. Lee, and J. L. Jr. Collett. 2001. Physical, chemical and optical properties of fine and coarse particles in west Texas (Big Bend National Park). AWMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Sherman, D. E., J. L. Hand, S. M. Kreidenweis, J. L. Collett, T. Lee, D. E. Day, W. C. Malm, and K. A. Gebhart. 2000. The influence of meteorological conditions on ambient particle concentrations during BRAVO. 19th Annual American Association for Aerosol Research Conference.

ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS FROM THE YOSEMITE AEROSOL AND VISIBILITY SPECIAL STUDY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NITRATE AND OTHER ION MEASUREMENTS AT IMPROVE

Principal Investigators: S. Kreidenweis/J. Collett, Jr.

Sponsor: NPS

Abstract: The purpose of this project is to analyze data from the YOSEMITE special study, to examine the physical and chemical properties of smoke aerosol from prescribed and/or wildfires, to document the short-term variability of the aerosol size distribution and aerosol hygroscopicity and their impacts on regional haze, and to link aerosol hygroscopicity to chemical composition. Samples for wood smoke markers will also be analyzed.

Carrico, C., S. M. Kreidenweis, J. Collett, and W. Malm. 2003. Measurements of particle diameter growth factors of a biomass burning influenced aerosol. 22nd Annual AAAR Conference.

Carrico, D. M., S. M. Kreidenweis, J. L. Collett, J. A. Heath, P. Herckes, T. Lee, G. R. McMeeking, G. Engling, G. Bengh, D. E. Day, and W. C. Malm. 2003. Aerosol physical, hygroscopic, and chemical properties in relation to atmospheric optical properties. 22nd Annual AAAR Conference.

Carrico, S. M., D. Day, J. A. Heath, T. H. Herckes P. Lee, G. Engling, S. M. Kreidenweis, J. L. Collett, G. Bench, and W. C. Malm. 2002. Regional haze from forest fires and San Joaquin Valley pollution: Aerosol properties at Yosemite National Park. AGU Fall Meeting.

Carrillo, J., T. Lee, C. Carrico, J. Collett, S. M. Kreidenweis, P. Herckes, and G. Engling. 2002. PM2.5 aerosol properties during the summer 2002 Yosemite Visibility Study. AWMA Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology.

Collett, J., T. Lee, J. Heath, C. Carrico, P. Herckes, G. Engling, G. McMeeking, and S. Kreidenweis. 2003. Semi-continuous measurements of aerosol chemical composition during the summer 2002 Yosemite National Park Special Study. AWMA Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology.

Collett, J. L., T. Lee, X. Yu, S. M. Kreidenweis, and W. C. Malm. 2002. On the speciation and measurement of aerosol nitrate in regional aerosols. 22nd Annual American Association for Aerosol Research Conference.

Herckes, P., G. Engling, J. Carrillo, T. Lee, C. Carrico, J. Collett, m S. Kreidenweis, D. Day, W. Malm, and G. Bench. 2003. Chemical characterization of organic aerosol during the 2002 Yosemite Aerosol and Visibility Study. 22nd Annual AAAR Conference.

Kreidenweis, S. M., J. L. Jr. Collett, C. Carrico, J. Heath, P. Herckes, T. Lee, G. McMeeking, G. Engling, and G. Bench. 2003. Survey of initial findings from the 2002 Yosemite Visibility Study. 22nd Annual AAAR Conference.

Lee, T., C. Carrico, J. Carrillo, P. Herckes, G. Engling , S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2002. Continuous measurement of aerosol ionic composition during the Yosemite National Park Special Study in 2002. AWMA Conference.

McMeeking, G., C. Carrico, S. M. Kreidenweis, and JJ. L. Collett. 2003. Size distribution data from the 2002 Yosemite Visibility Study. 22nd Annual AAAR Conference.

ASSISTANCE FOR VISIBILITY DATA ANALYSIS AND IMAGE DISPLAY TECHNIQUES

Principal Investigators: D. Fox/T. Vonder Haar

Sponsor: NPS

Abstract - The National Park Service has the responsibility of assessing the visual impact of pollutants on various scenic vistas. This assignment is accomplished through monitoring scenic vistas with various electro-optical devices. However, it is difficult for decision makers and other interested parties to visually interpret the meaning of changes in electro-optical variables used to quantify changes in scenic appearance under different atmospheric particulate loading conditions. The most effective way to present effects of pollutants on scenic vistas is through the use of photographic imaging techniques that accurately depict how the scene will appear under various illumination, meteorological and pollutant conditions. In order to meet the National Park Service's needs for computer imaging, the project staff will: 1) continue development and documentation of existing computer software codes and 2) develop new and refined techniques for "digitizing" color transparencies for purposes of accurately deriving quantifiable visibility indices from slides.

Ames, R. B., J. L. Hand, S. M. Kreidenweis, D. E. Day, and W. C. Malm. 2000. Optical measurements of aerosol size distributions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Dry aerosol characterization. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 50: 665-76.

Ames, R. B., and W. C. Malm. 1997. Estimating the contribution of the MOHAVE coal-fired power plant emissions to atmospheric extinction at Grand Canyon National Park. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 2000. Comparison of sulfate and nitrate particle mass concentrations measured by IMPROVE and CDN: Averaging measurements from monitoring networks with disparate sampling frequencies. 93rd Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 2000. Maps of the reconstructed light extinction coefficient using measured and point estimated particle mass concentrations from IMPROVE and the CDN. 19th Annual AAAR Conference.

———. 2000. Trends in IMPROVE monitoring data frequency distribution parameters. Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics.

———. 2001. Comparison of sulfate and nitrate particle mass concentrations measured by IMPROVE and the CDN. Atmos. Environ. 35: 905-16.

———. 2001. Recommendations for natural condition deciview variability: An examination of Improve data frequency distributions. AWMS Specialty Conference.

Ames, R. B., W. C. Malm, B. A. Schichtel, and D. G. Fox. 2001. Apportionment of particle carbon to wildland fires, regional haze and global radiation balance - aerosol measurements and models: Closure, reconciliation, and evaluation. AWMA Specialty Conference.

Ames, R. B. Malm W. C. 2001. Chemical species' contributions to the upper extremes of aerosol fine mass. Atmos. Environ. 35, no. 30: 5193-204.

Ashbaugh, L., O. Carvacho, M. Brown, and R. G. Flocchini. 2002. Composition of PM2.5 dust generated from Texas soil at BRAVO sampling sites. AAAR 2002 Annual Conference.

Barna, M. 2002. REMSAD simulation of the BRAVO tracer experiment. BRAVO Modeling Meeting.

———. 2002. REMSAD SO2 and sulfate predictions for the BRAVO high/low base cases. BRAVO Modeling Meeting.

Barna, M., D. Fox, and W. C. Malm. 2002. Simulating regional sulfate aerosol for the BRAVO study. National Park Service Air Quality Summit.

Barna, M., B. Schichtel, D. Fox, K. A. Gebhart, and W. C. Malm. 2003. Assessing the impact of regional pollutant sources on air quality and visibility at Big Bend National Park with REMSAD. 96th Annual AWMA Conference.

Barna, M., B. Schichtel, K. Gebhart, and M. Green. 2002. Simulation of the transport and dispersion of perfluorocarbon tracers released in Texas using multiple assimilated meteorological wind fields. AGU Annual Conference.

Barna, M. G. 2002. Simulating dispersion in nocturnal boundary layers with CALPUFF. Presentation to US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station.

Barna, M. G., G. G. Fox, and W. C. Malm. 2002. Initial REMSAD simulation of sulfate aerosol for the BRAVO study. 95th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Barna, M. G., and N. Gimson. 2002. Dispersion modeling of a wintertime particulate pollution episode in Christchurch, New Zealand. Atmospheric Environment 36: 3531-44.

Barna, M. G., B. Lamb, and H. Westberg. 2002. Modeling the effects of VOC/NOx emissions on ozone synthesis in the Cascadia airshed of the Pacific Northwest. J. Air and Waste Management Association 51: 1021-34.

Cahill, T. A., R. A. Eldred, K. Wilkinson, W. C. Malm, M. L. Pitchford, and R. Fisher. 1990. Spatial and temporal trends of fine particles on a continental scale: First results of the U.S. IMPROVE network. 3rd International Aerosol Conference, 1105-8.

Cahill, T. A., R. A. Eldred, L. K. Wilkinson, B. P. Perley, and W. C. Malm. 1990. Spatial and temporal trends of fine particles at remote U.S. sites. 83rd Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Carrico, C. M., D. Day, S. Kreidenweis, J. L. Collett, W. C. Malm, P. Herckes, J. A. Heath, and T. H. Lee. 2003. Hygroscopic and related properties of smoke dominated aerosols: Results from the Yosemite aerosol characterization study. (in Prep).

Chow, J. C., J. D. Bachmann, S. S. Wierman, C. V. Mathai, W. C. Malm, W. H. White, P. K. Mueller, N. Kumar, and J. G. Watson. 2002. Critical review discussion: Visibility: Science and regulation. J. Air and Waste Management 52: 973-99.

———. 2002. Visibility: Science and regulation: Discussion. J. Air and Waste Management 52: 973-99.

Copeland, S. 1999. Visibility impairment in the San Bernardino Mountains: A detailed look at IMPROVE data. Oxidant Air Pollution Impacts on the Montane Forests of Southern California., 106-25. New York: Springer Verlag.

Dattore, R. E., K. A. Gebhart, W. C. Malm, and M. Flores. 1991. Use of an atmospheric trajectory model to explore the source regions affecting ozone concentrations at five eastern U.S. national parks. 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Day, D. E., and W. C. Malm. 2001. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity: A comparison between measurements made at three different sites. Atmos. Environ. 35, no. 30: 5169-76.

———. 2003. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity at Yosemite National Park. AWMA Annual Conference and Exhibition.

Day, D. E., W. C. Malm, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 1994. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity estimated from IMPROVE data. International Specialty Conference.

———. 1997. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 1997. Seasonal variations in aerosol composition and acidity at Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks. J. Air Waste Mgmt. Assn. 47, no. 3: 411-18.

———. 2000. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 50: 710-716.

Eldred, R. A., L. L. Ashbaugh, and M. L. Malm W. C. Pitchford. 2001. Spatial trends from the expanded IMPROVE network. AWMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Eldred, R. A., T. A. Cahill, W. C. Malm, and M. L. Pitchford. 1993. Ten-year trends in sulfur concentrations at national parks throughout the United States. 86th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Eldred, R. A., T. A. Cahill, M. L. Pitchford, and W. C. Malm. 1988. IMPROVE: A new remote area particulate monitoring system for visibility studies. 81st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.

Eldred, R. A., T. A. Cahill, L. K. Wilkinson, P. J. Feeney, and W. C. Malm. 1989. Particulate characterization at remote sites across the U.S.: First year results of the NPS/IMPROVE network. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Falke, S. R., R. B. Husar, and B. A. Schichtel. 2001. Fusion of SeaWiFS and TOMS satellite data with surface observations and topographic data during extreme aerosol events. J. Air and Waste Management Association 51: 1579-85.

Falke, S. R., B. A. Schichtel, and R. B. Husar. 1998. U. S. seasonal and annual fine particulate concentrations. 91st Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 2003. U.S. seasonal and annual fine particulate concentrations. Atmos. Environ. (in Review).

Fox, D. G. 2002. Regional air quality in the United States: Here come the models. CIRA Newsletter 17: 5-6.

Fuller, K. A., W. C. Malm, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 1997. Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 1999. Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles. J. Geophys. Res. 104, no. D14: 15941-54.

Gebhart, K., B. Schichtel, and M. Barna. 2003. Comparison of results of back-trajectory modeling using several combinations of models and input wind fields during the BRAVO study. 96th Annual AWMA Conference.

———. 2003. Source apportionment of sulfate and unique tracers at Big Bend National Park using a back-trajectory receptor model and measurements from the BRAVO study. 96th Annual AWMA Conference.

Gebhart, K. A. 2002. Back trajectory techniques used for the Big Bend National Park BRAVO study. Lake Michigan Air Directors Cooperative (LADCO) Workshop: Trajectories and Source Apportionment.

———. 2002. BRAVO source apportionment and wind field/model evaluation. Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO) .

———. 2002. NPS receptor modeling techniques. Western States Air Resources Council (WESTAR) Technical Conference.

———. 2002. Receptor modeling techniques. WESTAR Regionally Attributable Best Available Retrofit Technology (REBART) Committee Meeting.

Gebhart, K. A., and S. Copeland. 2000. Diurnal patterns in light scattering, extinction, and relative humidity. Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics.

———. 2001. Diurnal patterns in light scattering, extinction, and relative humidity. Atmos. Environ. 35: 5177-91.

Gebhart, K. A., S. A. Copeland, and W. C. Malm. 2001. Diurnal and seasonal patterns in light scattering, extinction, and relative humidity. Atmospheric Environment 35: 5177-91.

Gebhart, K. A., S. M. Kreidenweis, and W. C. Malm. 2000. Back-trajectory analyses of fine particulate matter measured at Big Bend National Park in the historical database and the 1996 scoping study. The Science of Total Environment 276: 185-204.

Gebhart, K. A., and W. C. Malm. 1991. Examination of source regions and transport pathways of organic and light absorbing carbon into remote areas of the United States. 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 1992. Spatial and temporal patterns of several particulate species in Washington State during the summer of 1990. 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 1994. Estimation of emission rates in Mexico by receptor modeling. International Specialty Conference.

———. 1994. Spatial and temporal patterns in particle data measured during the MOHAVE study. International Specialty Conference.

———. 1997. Spatial and temporal patterns in particle data measured during the MOHAVE study. J. Air Waste Mgmt. Assn. 47, no. 2: 119-35.

Gebhart, K. A., W. C. Malm, and D. E. Day. 1992. Examination of the effects of sulfate acidity and relative humidity on light scattering at Shenandoah National Park. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

———. 1994. Examination of the effects of sulfate acidity and relative humidity on light scattering at Shenandoah National Park. Atmos. Environ. 28, no. 5: 841-49.

Gebhart, K. A., W. C. Malm, and M. Flores. 1997. A preliminary look at source-receptor relationships in the Texas-Mexico border area. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 2000. A preliminary look at source-receptor relationships in the Texas-Mexico border area. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 50: 858-68.

Gebhart, K. A., W. C. Malm, and H. K. Iyer. 1993. Comparison of two back trajectory techniques for source apportionment. 86th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Gebhart, K. A., B. A. Schichtel, and W. C. Malm. 2001. Analysis of several back-trajectory methods for potential use in source apportionment studies for the BRAVO project. Specialty Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Gebhart, K. A., B. A. Schichtel, W. C. Malm, and L. Ashbaugh. 2001. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of BRAVO particulate data. International Specialty Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Golestani, Y. 1997. Multiple linear regression model in decoupling the long-term effect of meteorology on visual range. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Golestani, Y., K. A. Gebhart, and W. C. Malm. 2000. Visual air quality plume simulation and contrast measurements. 93rd Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Golestani, Y., J. V. Molenar, and W. C. Malm. 1997. Visual air quality image processing system and simulation techniques. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Green, M. C., M. L. Pitchford, R. D. Bauman, and W. C. Malm. 1992. Study design for regional haze attribution to a large stationary source. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

Hand, J. L., S. Ames, S. M. Kreidenweis, D. E. Day, and W. C. Malm. 2000. Estimates of particle hygroscopicity during the Southeastern Aerosol and Visibility Study (SEAVS). Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 50: 677-85.

———. 2000. Visibility estimates from measured aerosol size distributions at Big Bend National Park. Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics.

Huffman, D., and W. C. Malm. 1993. Estimation of aerosol acidity from non-ionic particle measurements. 86th Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association.

Husar, R. B., S. R. Falke, and B. A. Schichtel. 2001. MODELS3-IMPROVE-PM/FRM: Comparison of time-averaged concentrations, CS #827981. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Husar, R. B., and B. A. Schichtel. 2001. Visualization of transboundary air pollutant transport to the US: Final report. CAPITA Cooperative Research Agreement With EPA CX #825834.

Husar, R. B., D. M. Tratt, and B. A. Schichtel. 2001. Asian dust events of April 1998. J. Geo. Res. 106: 18317-30.

Iyer, H. K., and W. C. Malm. 1987. "Examination of the relationship between Navajo generating station emissions and aerosol concentrations at Page, Arizona." Report to National Park Service, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO.

———. 1996. "Sampling duration calculations." CIRA Report, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Iyer, H. K., W. C. Malm, and P. Patterson. 1997. Sampling duration calculations. Specialty Conference on Visual Air Quality.

Iyer, H. K., P. Patterson, and W. C. Malm. 2000. Estimates of particle hygroscopicity during the southeastern aerosol and visibility study. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 50: 888-893.

———. 2000. Sampling duration calculations. J. Air and Waste Management Association 50, no. 5: 888-93.

———. 2000. Trends in the extremes of sulfur concentration distributions. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 50, no. 5: 802-17.

Iyer, H. K., P. Patterson, W. C. Malm, and J. Delgado. 1997. Trends in the extremes of sulfur concentration distributions. Specialty Conference on Visual Air Quality.

Malm, W. C. 1988. Assessing the relative accuracy of various methods for attributing visibility impairment to a specific source. 6th Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry.

———. 1992. Apportionment of aerosol extinction at Mount Rainier and North Cascades National Parks. 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 1992. Monitoring of atmospheric pollutants in and near the Grand Canyon. Long-Term Environmental Monitoring in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon Workshop.

Malm, W. C. 1992. Visibility and acid aerosols at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Forum on Air Quality Management in the Southern Appalachians.

Malm, W. C. 1995. Comparison of calculated sulfate scattering efficiencies as estimated from size-resolved particle measurements at three national parks. American Association for Aerosol Research Annual Meeting.

———. 1998. Examining the relationship between aerosol concentration and partial scattering efficiencies near the Grand Canyon. Air and Waste Management Association 91st Annual Meeting and Exhibition.

———. 1999. Introduction to visibility, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

———. 2003. Fundamentals of visibility. Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water: Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts. Ed. J. Fisherman. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

Malm, W. C., D. Day, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 2000. Light scattering characteristics of aerosols at ambient and as a function of relative humidity, Part I: A comparison of measured scattering and aerosol concentrations using the theoretical models. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 50: 686-700.

———. 2000. Light scattering characteristics of aerosols at ambient and as a function of relative humidity, Part II: A comparison of measured scattering and aerosol concentrations using statistical models. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 50: 701-9.

Malm, W. C., and D. E. Day. 2000. Aerosol extinction properties at Grand Canyon National Park. 93rd Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 2000. Aerosol optical properties as a function of relative humidity. 93rd Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 2000. Optical properties of aerosols at Grand Canyon National Park. Atmospheric Environment 34: 3373-91.

———. 2001. Estimates of aerosol species scattering characteristics as a function of relative humidity. Atmospheric Environment 35: 2845-60.

———. 2003. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity at Yosemite National Park. Air and Waste Management Association Conference.

Malm, W. C., D. E. Day, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 1997. Comparison of measured and reconstructed scattering during an intensive field study at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 90th Annual Meeting Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 1997. Comparison of measured scattering as a function of relative humidity to aerosol scattering models. AWMA Visual Air Quality, Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance International Specialty Conference.

———. 2000. Light scattering characteristics of aerosols as a function of relative humidity, Part I: A comparison of measured scattering and aerosol concentrations using the theoretical models. Journal of Air and Waste Management Assoc. 50: 686-700.

———. 2000. Light scattering characteristics of aerosols as a function of relative humidity, Part II: A comparison of measured scattering and aerosol concentrations using statistical models. J. Air and Waste Management Association 50: 701-9.

Malm, W. C., D. E. Day, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2003. Humidity dependent optical properties of fine particles in west Texas. Air and Waste Management Association Conference.

Malm, W. C., D. E. Day, S. M. Kreidenweis, J. L. Collett, and T. Lee. 2003. Humidity dependent optical properties of fine particles during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) study. J. Geophys. Res. 108: article #4279.

Malm, W. C., R. A. Eldred, L. Ashbaugh, J. Sisler, H. Iyer, and M. Pitchford. 2000. An update of spatial and temporal trends in particle concentrations in the United States. NARSTO Tropospheric Aerosols: Science and Decisions in the International Community Conference.

Malm, W. C., and K. A. Gebhart. 1988. Optical characteristics of aerosols at three national parks. 81st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.

———. 1993. Source apportionment of organic and light absorbing carbon using receptor modeling techniques. 86th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 1994. Source apportionment of secondary aerosols and light extinction using receptor modeling techniques. International Specialty Conference.

———. 1996. Source apportionment of organic and light absorbing carbon using receptor modeling techniques. Atmos. Environ. 30, no. 6: 843-55.

———. 1997. Source apportionment of sulfur and light extinction using receptor modeling techniques. J. Air Waste Mgmt. Assn. 47, no. 3: 250-268.

Malm, W. C., K. A. Gebhart, and R. C. Henry. 1988. Source areas of fine sulfur in the Western United States as investigated by principal component analysis and residence time analysis. 81st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.

Malm, W. C., K. A. Gebhart, D. Huffman, J. V. Molenar, T. A. Cahill, and R. A. Eldred. 1993. Examining the relationship between atmospheric aerosol and light extinction at Mount Rainier and North Cascades National Parks. Atmos. Environ. 28, no. 5: 347-60.

Malm, W. C., K. A. Gebhart, J. V. Molenar, T. A. Cahill, and R. A. Eldred. 1992. Apportionment of aerosol extinction at Mount Rainier and North Cascades National Parks. 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Malm, W. C., Y. Golestani, K. A. Gebhart, T. A. Cahill, R. A. Eldred, and R. Poirot. 1991. Estimation of aerosol acidity in the Eastern United States. 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Malm, W. C., Y. Golestani, K. A. Gebhart, and M. Yao. 1991. Characteristics of haze in Shenandoah National Park. 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Malm, W. C., and S. M. Kreidenweis. 1996. The effects of models of aerosol hygroscopicity on estimated scattering efficiencies. 89th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association. Paper Number 96-MP1A.01.

———. 1997. The effects of models of aerosol hygroscopicity on estimated scattering efficiencies. Atmos. Environ. 31, no. 13: 1965-76.

Malm, W. C., E. Law-Evans, and H. K. Iyer. 1988. The relative accuracy of transmissometer derived extinction coefficients. 81st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.

Malm, W. C., D. A. Molenar, R. A. Eldred, and J. F. Sisler. 1996. Examining the relationship among atmospheric aerosols and light scattering and extinction in the Grand Canyon area. J. Geophys. Res. 101, no. D14: 19251-65.

Malm, W. C., J. V. Molenar, R. A. Eldred, and J. F. Sisler. 1994. Examining the relationship between atmospheric aerosols and light scattering and extinction in the Grand Canyon area. International Specialty Conference.

Malm, W. C., and P. K. Mueller. 1996. Introduction to special section: Aerosol atmospheric optics. J. Geophys. Res. 101, no. D14: 19185-87.

Malm, W. C., and M. L. Pitchford. 1989. The use of an atmospheric quadratic detection model to assess change in aerosol concentrations to visibility. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 1997. Comparison of calculated sulfate scattering efficiencies as estimated from size-resolved particle measurements at three national locations. Atmos. Environ. 31, no. 9: 1315-25.

Malm, W. C., M. S. Pitchford, J. F. Sisler, R. B. Ames, S. Copeland, K. A. Gebhart, and D. E. Day. 2000. Spatial and seasonal patterns and temporal variability of haze and its constituents in the United States: Report III, CIRA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Malm, W. C., B. A. Schichtel, R. B. Ames, and K. A. Gebhart. 2002. A ten-year spatial and temporal trend of sulfate across the United States . J. Geophys. Res. (in Press).

Malm, W. C., B. A. Schichtel, M. Pitchford, L. Ashbaugh, and R. Edlred. 2003. Spatial and temporal trends in particle concentration in the United States. Air and Waste Management Association Conference.

Malm, W. C., B. A. Schichtel, M. Pitchford, L. Ashbaugh, and R. Eldred. 2003. Spatial and temporal trends in particle concentration and extinction in the United States. American Association for Aerosol Research Conference.

Malm, W. C., B. A. Schichtel, M. L. Ashbaugh L. L. Pitchford, and R. A. Eldred. 2003. Spatial and monthly trends in speciated fine particle concentration in the United States. J. Geophys. Res. (Submitted).

Malm, W. C., and J. F. Sisler. 1998. Spatial patterns of major aerosol species and selected heavy metals in the United States. Conference on Air Quality: Mercury, Trace Elements, and Particulate Matter.

———. 2000. Spatial patterns of major aerosol species and selected heavy metals in the United States. Fuel Processing Technology 65: 473-501.

Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, R. B. Ames, and D. Fox. 2000. Spatial and temporal trends in organic aerosol mass and inferences about contributions from fire. 93rd Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, K. A. Gebhart, B. A. Copeland S. Schichtel, R. B. Ames, R. Lebens, L. Ashbaugh, J. Vimont, J. Collett, and J. Molenar. 2001. WESTAR/NPS visibility monitoring data analysis. WESTAR/NPS Visibility Monitoring Data Analysis Workshop.

Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, D. Huffman, R. A. Eldred, and T. A. Cahill. 1994. Spatial and temporal trends in particle concentration and extinction in the United States. J. Geophys. Res. 99, no. D1: 1347-70.

Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, and M. L. Pitchford. 2000. Spatial and temporal trends in fine particle concentrations in the United States. Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics.

Malm, W. C., J. Trijonis, J. F. Sisler, M. L. Pitchford, and R. Dennis. 1992. Assessing the effect of SO₂ emission changes on visibility. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

———. 1994. Assessing the effect of SO₂ emission changes on visibility. Atmos. Environ. 28, no. 5: 1023-34.

Molenar, J. V., and W. C. Malm. 1992. Ambient optical monitoring techniques. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

Molenar, J. V., W. C. Malm, and C. E. Johnson. 1992. Visual air quality simulation techniques. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

———. 1994. Visual air quality simulation techniques. Atmos. Environ. 28, no. 5: 1055-63.

Patterson, P., H. K. Iyer, J. F. Sisler, and W. C. Malm. 1997. An analysis of the yearly changes in sulfur concentrations at various national parks in the United States for the period 1980-1996. Specialty Conference on Visual Air Quality.

———. 2000. An analysis of the yearly changes in sulfur concentrations at various national parks in the United States for the period 1980-1996. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 50: 790-801.

Pitchford, M. L., and W. C. Malm. 1992. Development and applications of a standard visual index. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

Polissar, A. V., W. C. Hopke, W. C. Malm, and J. F. Sisler. 1996. The ratio of aerosol optical absorption coefficients to sulfur concentrations as an indicator of smoke from forest fires when sampling in polar regions. Atmos. Environ. 30, no. 7: 1147-57.

———. 1998. Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska I: Spatial and seasonal variability. J. Geophys. Res. 103, no. D15: 19035-44.

———. 1998. Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska II: Elemental composition and sources. J. Geophys. Res. 103, no. D15: 19045-57.

Ross, D. M., H. K. Iyer, and W. C. Malm. 1994. Human visual sensitivity to plumes: An empirical probability of detection model. 5th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management.

Ross, D. M., C. E. Johnson, W. C. Malm, and R. J. Loomis. 1991. Human visual sensitivity to modeled jet aircraft plumes. 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Ross, D. M., W. C. Malm, and H. K. Iyer. 1994. Human visual sensitivity of plumes: An empirical model to predict probability of detection and its potential for application. International Specialty Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Saxena, M., D. E. Day, Hildemann, Koutrakis, W. C. Malm, McMurray, and Olmez. 1997. Concentration and composition of atmospheric aerosols in the southeastern US: Results from a 1995 EXPE. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Schichtel, B. A. 2001. Forward airmass history analyses and evaluation of airmass history analyses using tracer analysis and transport visualizations. BRAVO Data Analysis Meeting.

———. 2002. Spatial and temporal patterns of light absorbing (elemental) carbon in rural areas of the United States. Presentation to the Air Quality Research Subcommittee of the White House Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources (CENR).

———. 2003. "Long-term visibility trends in air quality in the national parks." Report to the National Park Service.

Schichtel, B. A., R. B. Ames, M. S. Engle, D. G. Fox, W. C. Malm, R. A. Eldred, L. L. Ashbaugh, and M. L. Pitchford. 2001. IMPROVE aerosol monitoring network and data delivery system. 20th Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research.

Schichtel, B. A., R. B. Ames, M. S. Engle, J. I. Winchester, D. G. Fox, and W. C. Malm. 2001. The IMPROVE web site. AWMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Schichtel, B. A., R. B. Ames, D. G. Fox, M. S. Engle, J. I. Winchester, M. Pitchford, and W. C. Malm. 2002. The IMPROVE and WRAP web sites: Supporting better understanding and control of regional haze. 95th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Schichtel, B. A., and K. A. Gebhart. 2001. Source oriented regional scale transport analyses to Big Bend, Texas, during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility study. International Specialty Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 2001. Transport patterns associated with high and low sulfate concentration at Big Bend, Texas during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility study. International Specialty Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Schichtel, B. A., K. A. Gebhart, and W. C. Malm. 2001. Assessment of the source receptor relationship at Big Bend, TX, using forward airmass histories: Methodology and evaluation. AWMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 2001. Transport patterns during high and low sulfur concentrations at Big Bend, Texas during BRAVO. AWMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Schichtel, B. A., K. A. Gebhart, W. C. Malm, and M. G. Barna. 2003. Assessment of the source receptor relationship at Big Bend, TX, using forward airmass histories. 96th Annual AWMA Conference.

———. 2003. Source apportionment of particulate sulfur at Big Bend National Park using an inverse modeling technique. Air and Waste Management Association Conference.

———. 2003. Transport patterns during high and low sulfur concentrations at Big Bend, Texas during BRAVO. 96th Annual Air and Waste Management Association Conference.

Schichtel, B. A., and R. B. Husar. 2001. Eastern North American transport climatology during high-and low-ozone days. Atmospheric Environment 35: 1029-38.

Schichtel, B. A., R. B. Husar, S. R. Falke, and W. E. Wilson. 2000. Haze trends over the United States, 1980-1995. AWMA/JGR Specialty Conference.

———. 2001. Haze trends over the United States, 1980-1995. Atmospheric Environment 35: 5205-10.

Schichtel, B. A., R. B. Husar, W. Wilson, R. Poirot, and W. C. Malm. 1992. Reconciliation of visibility and aerosol composition data over the U.S. 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Sisler, J. F. 1996. Spatial and seasonal patterns and long term variability of the composition of the haze in the United States: An analysis of data from the IMPROVE Network. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Sisler, J. F., R. B. Ames, and W. C. Malm. 1997. MIE scattering and sulfate speciation. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

Sisler, J. F., D. Huffman, D. A. Latimer, W. C. Malm, and M. L. Pitchford. 1993. "Spatial and temporal patterns and the chemical composition of the haze in the United States: An analysis of data from the IMPROVE network, 1988-1991." CIRA Report., Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO.

Sisler, J. F., and W. C. Malm. 1990. Assessing the visibility impairment associated with various sulfate reduction scenarios at Shenandoah National Park. American Chemical Society Symposium on Measurement of Airborne Compounds.

———. 1992. The relative importance of soluble aerosols to spatial and seasonal trends of impaired visibility in the United States. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

———. 1994. The relative importance of soluble aerosols to spatial and seasonal trends of impaired visibility in the U.S. Atmos. Environ. 28, no. 5: 851-62.

———. 1997. Characteristics of winter and summer aerosol mass and light extinction on the Colorado plateau. J. Air and Waste Mgmt. Assn. 47, no. 3: 317-30.

———. 1997. Update of spatial and seasonal trends of sulfur and PM2.5 as measured by the IMPROVE aerosol monitoring. Visual Air Quality Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 2000. Interpretation of trends of PM2.5 and reconstructed visibility from the IMPROVE network. J. Air Waste Mgmt. Assn. 50: 775-89.

———. 2000. Trends of PM2.5 and reconstructed visibility from the IMPROVE network for the years 1988-1998. 93rd Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association.

———. 2001. Characterizing best, median, and worst visibility conditions at federally protected Class I areas: A comparison between EPA proposed guidance and historic IMPROVE data. AWMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference.

———. 2001. Estimating long term visibility trends: A comparison between EPA proposed guidance and historic IMPROVE data. 95th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

Sisler, J. F., W. C. Malm, and K. A. Gebhart. 1988. Sources of ions producing acidic rain and visibility impairment at Grand Canyon, Arizona. 81st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.

Sisler, J. F., W. C. Malm, K. A. Gebhart, J. V. Molenar, and T. A. Cahill. 1992. The effect of relative humidity on visibility: Continental distributions. 85th Annual Air and Waste Management Association.

Sloane, C. S., P. J. Sampson, W. H. White, and W. C. Malm. 1994. Clean air corridors: A conceptual and functional definition. International Specialty Conference.

White, W. 2003. Tracking atmospheric changes with evolving measurements. IMPROVE Steering Committee Meeting.

White, W., E. Macias, J. D. Kahl, P. Samson, J. V. Molenar, and W. C. Malm. 1992. On the potential of regional-scale emissions zoning as an air quality management tool for the Grand Canyon. Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles.

White, W. H., J. C. Chow, J. G. Watson, R. A. Eldred, and B. A. Schichtel. 2002. Trends in chemical composition of North American haze. J. Geophys. Res. (Submitted).

———. 2002. Trends in the chemical composition of North American haze. J. Geophys. Res. (Submitted).

Whitmore, J. B., W. C. Malm, and H. K. Iyer. 1991. Sensitivity analysis of tracer mass balance regression. 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association.

ATMOSPHERIC TRACER TRANSPORT INVERSION INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT (TransCom 3)

Principal Investigator: S. Denning

Sponsors: NOAA/OGP/NSF

Abstract - Atmospheric chemical tracer transport models (CTMs) can be used to calculate surface fluxes of trace species from spatial distributions of concentration, by a set of methods collectively known as "inversion." This technique has been applied to the study of sources and sinks of CO₂, and the results have important implications for policy responses. Different CTM groups have produced conflicting results using the same observational data. We will conduct a three-year series of experiments in which leading chemical tracer transport models from around the world are used to calculate the global carbon budget of the atmosphere. The objectives of the proposed research are (1) to quantify the uncertainty in the O₂ budget that arises from differences in simulated transport; (2) to diagnose the mechanisms that produce these differences; and (3) to recommend and prioritize improvements to the models and observing network to reduce this source of uncertainty in the future.

Denning, A. S. 1999. Atmospheric CO₂Inversion Intercomparison Project (TRANSCOM 3) Preliminary Results. Fall AGU Meeting.

———. 1999. The Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TRANSCOM). IUGG Annual Meeting.

———. 2000. Atmospheric CO₂Inversion Intercomparison Project (TRANSCOM 3) Annual Report, Colorado State University.

———. 2000. Atmospheric CO₂Inversion Intercomparison Project (TRANSCOM 3) Preliminary Results. AGU Spring Meeting.

———. 2000. Simulated rectifier effects. TransCom 3 Workshop.

Denning, A. S., K. R. Gurney, R. Engelen, G. R. Stephens, D. O'Brien, P. J. Rayner, and TransCom Modelers. 2001. Potential constraints on the global carbon budget using satellite retrievals of atmospheric CO2. 6th International Carbon Dioxide Conference.

Denning, A. S., K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, P. J. Rayner, and TRANSCOM Modelers. 2001. Overview of the Atmospheric CO2 Inversion Intercomparison Project (TRANSCOM 3). 6th International Carbon Dioxide Conference.

Gurney, K. R., R. Law, A. S. Denning, and P. Rayner. 2000. Results from the Atmospheric CO2 Inversion Intercomparison Project (TransCom 3). AGU Fall Meeting.

Gurney, K. R., R. Law, P. Rayner, A. S. Denning, and TransCom Modelers. 2001. Robust regional estimates of annual mean CO2 sources and sinks. Challenges of a Changing Earth Conference.

Gurney, K. R., R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, L. Bousquet, Y. H. Bruhwiler, P. Chen, P. Ciais, S. Fan, I. Y. Fung, M. Gloor, M. Heimann, K. Higuchi, J. John, E. Kowalczyk, T. Maki, S. Maksyutov, P. Peylin, M. Prather, B. C. Pak, J. Sarmiento, and S. Taguchi. 2003. TransCom3 CO2 inversion intercomparison, 1: Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux information. Tellus 55, no. B: 555-79.

Gurney, K. R., R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler, Y. H. Chen, P. Ciais, S. Fan, I. Y. Fung, M. Gloor, M. Heimann, J. Higuchi, J. John, T. Maki, S. Maksyutov, K. Masarie, P. Peylin, M. Prather, B. C. Pak, J. Randerson, J. Sarmiento, S. Taguchi, T. Takahashi, and C. W. Yuen. 2002. Towards robust regional estimates of CO² sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 415, no. Feb.: 626-30.

Gurney, K. R., R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler, Y. H. Chen, P. Ciais, S. M. Fan, I. Y. Fung, M. Gloor, M. Geimann, K. Higuchi, J. John, T. Maki, S. Maksyutov, K. Masarie, P. Peylin, M. Prather, B. C. Pak, J. Randerson, J. Sarmiento, S. Taguchi, T. Takashashi, and C. W. Yuen. 2001. Robust regional estimates of annual mean CO2 sources and sinks. Nature 415: 626-30.

CENTER FOR GEOSCIENCES/ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

Principal Investigator: T. Vonder Haar

Sponsor: DoD

Abstract - The Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University has conducted Army and DoD-relevant research in the area of meteorology and hydrology since 1986. This research, totaling over $1 8M, has a successful history of results. Research is performed by a multi-disciplinary group of faculty, staff, and students from CSU, with a few collaborators from other universities, NCAR, and federal labs. The first two phases of Center for Geosciences were funded through the Army Research Office; both basic and related, applied research was conducted. As a result of this earlier funding, many research topics have matured and have already been, or are ready for technical transition to operational users within the DoD. Phases III and IV of the Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research have been funded through the Army Research Laboratory with focus on further work and technology transfer in five research theme areas: Hydrometeorology; Cloud Structure, Dynamics and Climatology; N-Dimensional Data Assimilation and Fusion; (recently renamed) Boundary Layer Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosols; and (recently renamed) Derivation of Battlespace Parameters. A new, cross-cutting theme area has recently been identified, Urban Environment.

Adams, C. R., and K. Eis. 2000. Getting critical weather and flood information to end-users: A comparison of the Integrated Weather Effects Display Aid (IWEDA) and the Local Data Acquisition and Dissemination (LDAD) systems. Preprints, Sixteenth International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, 183-86.

Adams, C. R., D. Sauter, D. Miller, M. Kelsch, C. Subramanian, and M. Torres. 2000. Comparison of military and civilian weather information decision support systems. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Azimi-Sadjadi, M. R., W. Gao, T. H. Vonder Haar, and D. Reinke. 2001. Temporal updating scheme for probabilistic neural network with application to satellite cloud classification: Further results. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 12, no. 5: 1196-203.

Azimi-Sadjadi, M. R., J. Wang, K. Saitwal, and D. Renke. 2001. A multi-channel temporally adaptable system for continuous cloud classification from satellite imagery. International Joint Conference on Neutral Networks (IJCNN).

Banta, R. M., L. S. Darby, R. K. Newsom, R. M. Hardesty, and J. N. Howell. 2000. Atmospheric gravity waves, low-level jets, and mountain gap flows measured by ETL's Doppler lidars during October 1999. 20th International Laser Radar Conference.

Banta, R. M., R. Newsom, J. K. Lundquist, Y. L. Pichugina, R. L. Coulter, and L. D. Mahrt. 2001. Nocturnal low-level jet characteristics observed during CASES-99. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Banta, R. M., R. K. Newsom, and J. K. Lundquist. 2000. Formation and evolution of the nocturnal LLJ and surface-layer vertical mixing in the SBL during CASES-99. 14th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence.

Banta, R. M., R. K. Newsom, J. K. Lundquist, Y. L. Pichugina, R. L. Coulter, and L. D. Mahrt. 2002. Nocturnal low-level jet characteristics over Kansas during CASES-99. Boundary-Layer Meteor. 105: 221-52.

Banta, R. M., R. K. Newsom, Y. L. Pichugina, and J. K. Lundquist. 2001. Low-level dynamics and parameterization of surface fluxes in the stable boundary layer. AMS 9th Conference on Mesoscale Processes.

Banta, R. M. Newsom R. K., Y. L. Pichugina, and J. K. Lundquist. 2002. Nocturnal LLJ evolution and its relationship to turbulence and fluxes. Preprints, AMS 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence.

Benedetti, A., G. L. Stephens, and T. Vukicevic. 2002. Variational assimilation of radar reflectivities in a cirrus model, part I: Model description and adjoint sensitivity studies. Quarterly J. Royal Meteor. Soc. (Accepted).

———. 2002. Variational assimilation of radar reflectivities in a cirrus model, part II: Optimal initialization and model bias estimation. Quarterly J. Royal Meteor. Soc. (Accepted).

Blumen, W., R. M. Banta, S. Burns, D. C. Fritts, R. K. Newsom, G. S. Poulos, and J. Sun. 2001. Turbulence statistics of a Kelvin-Helmholtz billow event observed in the nighttime boundary layer during the CASES-99 field program. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. 34: 189-204.

Campbell, G. G. 2000. Polar orbiter wind and height estimation. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

———. 2001. Automated cloud stereo heights and motions from satellites imagery. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Campbell, G. G., and F. Breon. 2000. Polar orbiter: Stereo heights and cloud motions. 5th Winds Workshop, WMO.

Campbell, G. G., F. Dell'Acqua, and P. Gamba. 1999. Modal matching driven association between meteorological objects in stereo satellite images. IEEE Meeting.

Campbell, G. G., and G. Dengel. 2002. Verification of automatic winds and heights with asynchronous stereo analysis. 6th International Winds Workshop.

Campbell, G. G., and E. R. Dufour. 2000. Langranrian views of cloud systems. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Campbell, G. G., and K. Holmlund. 2000. Geometric cloud heights from Meteosat and AVHRR. 5th Winds Workshop, WMO.

———. 2000. Geometric heights and cloud motions from polar orbiter imagery. J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech. (Submitted).

Campbell, G. G., T. H. Vonder Haar, and K. E. Eis. 2001. Cloud stereo heights and motions from satellite imagery: Examples and automation. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Campbell, G. G., T. H. Vonder Haar, J. Forsythe, A. Kankiewicz, R. Engelen, and S. Woo. 2001. Radiative impact of clouds and water vapor variations above 300MB from long term NVAP and ISCCP observations. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography .

Carey, L. D., T. H. Vonder Haar, A. Kankiewicz, J. A. Davis, J. Forsythe, D. Reinke, K. Eis, V. Larson, and R. Fleishauer. 2002. The Complex Layered Cloud Experiment (CLEX). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (Submitted).

Carey, L. D., T. H. Vonder Haar, J. A. Kankiewicz, J. M. Davis, R. P. Fleishauer, and V. E. Larson. 2001. An overview of the next complex layered cloud experiment (CLEX-9). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Chai, T., D. L. Lin, and R. K. Newsom. 2003. Retrieval of microscale flow structures from high resolution Doppler lidar using an adjoint model. J. Atmos. Sci. (Submitted).

Corbin, K. C. 2001. "Comparison of aerosol properties derived from sun photometer data and ground-based chemical measurements." M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, Department of Atmospheric Science.

Corbin, K. C., S. Kreidenweis, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. Comparison of aerosol properties derived from sun photometer data and ground-based chemical measurements. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Corbin, K. C., and S. M. Kreidenweis. 2001. "Comparison of aerosol properties derived from sun photometer data and ground-based chemical measurements." CIRA Technical Paper No. 0737-5352-50, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, Department of Atmospheric Science.

Corbin, K. C., S. M. Kreidenweis, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. Comparison of aerosol properties derived from sun photometer data and ground-based chemical measurements. Geo. Res. Lett. 29, no. 10.

Cox, S. K., and J. M. Davis. 1999. The next generation multiple field of view radiometer. Preprints, AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, 251-54.

Dalu, G. A., M. Baldi, and R. A. Sr. Pielke. 2003. Mesoscale non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic pressure gradient forces: Theory and parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci. (Accepted).

Derickson, R. C., and R. A. Pielke. 2000. A preliminary study of the Burgers equation with symbolic computation. J. Comp. Physics 162: 219-44.

Drobinski, P., P. Carlotti, R. K. Newsom, R. Foster, R. Banta, and J. Redelsperger. 2003. Review of near-surface flow dynamics in the neutral planetary boundary-layer from a CASES'99 case study. J. Atmos. Sci. (Submitted).

Drobinski, P., R. K. Newsom, R. M. Banta, P. Carlotti, R. C. Foster, P. Naveau, and J. L. Redelsperger. 2002. Turbulence in a shear-driven nocturnal surface layer as observed by Doppler lidar, rawindsondes and sonic anemometer during the CASES'99 experiment. Preprints, 21st International Laser Radar Conference.

Drobinski, P., R. K. Newsom, P. Naveau, R. M. Banta, P. Carlotti, and R. C. Foster. 2002. Turbulence in a shear-driven surface layer during the CASES '99 experiment. Preprints, AMS 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence.

Eis, K. E., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 1998. DoD's Center for Geosciences and Atmospheric Research. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 1998 Conference, 3-9.

———. 2000. Status of the Colorado State University's Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Fleishauer, R. P. 2002. "Observed microphysical structure of midlevel, mixed-phase clouds." Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Fleishauer, R. P., V. E. Larson, J. A. Kankiewicz, D. L. Reinke, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. Complex Layered Cloud Experiment (CLEX-5): Preliminary phenomenology of four case studies (poster). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Fleishauer, R. P., V. E. Larson, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. Observed microphysical structure of mid-level, mixed-phase clouds. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

———. 2002. Observed microphysical structure of mid-level, mixed-phase clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 1779-804.

Forsythe, J. M., T. H. Vonder Haar, and D. L Reinke. 2000. Cloud base height estimates from a combination of a satellite cloud classification and ceilometer-based surface reports . Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Forsythe, J. M., T. H. Vonder Haar, and D. L. Reinke. 2000. Cloud base height estimates from combining a satellite cloud classification with surface reports. AMS 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 130-132.

———. 2000. Cloud base height estimates using a combination of meteorological satellite imagery and surface reports. J. Appl. Meteor. 39, no. 12: 2336-47.

Fritts, D. C., C. Nappo, D. M. Riggins, B. B. Balsley, W. E. Eichenger, and R. K. Newsom. 2003. Analysis of ducted motion in the stable nocturnal boundary layer during CASES-99. J. Atmos. Sci. (Submitted).

Ghemires, M., T. Vukicevic, R. Hertenstein, and T. Greenwald. 2001. Adjoint strategies for radiance data assimilation using regional atmospheric system. Preprints, AMS 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems.

Greenwald, T. J. 2000. Forward radiative transfer modeling in 4D data assimilation of GOES imager data. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

———. 2000. Observing the diurnal characteristics of marine stratocumulus drizzle using the TRMM microwave imager. Preprints, AMS 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 390.

———. 2002. Radiative transfer modeling for 4DDA system. Preprints, AMS 3rd Symposium on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction.

Greenwald, T. J., and S. A. Christopher. 1999. Daytime variation of marine stratocumulus properties as observed from geostationary satellite. Geophysical Research Letters 26, no. 12: 1723-26.

Greenwald, T. J., and S. A. Christopher. 1999. Investigation of drizzling marine stratocumulus using the GOES-9 imager and C-band radar. Preprints, AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, 58-59.

———. 2000. The GOES I-M imagers: New tools for studying the microphysical properties of boundary layer stratiform clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 18, no. 11: 2607-19.

———. 2002. Effect of cold clouds on satellite measurements near 183 GHz. J. Geo. Res. 107, no. D13.

———. 2003. Methods for evaluating microwave-derived satellite liquid water products. Preprints, AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology.

Greenwald, T. J., S. A. Christopher, J. Chou, and J. C. Liljegren. 1999. Intercomparison of cloud liquid water path derived from the GOES-9 imager and ground based microwave radiometers for continental stratocumulus. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, no. D8: 9251-60.

Greenwald, T. J., C. L. Combs, A. S. Jones, D. L. Randel, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 1999. Error estimates of spaceborne passive microwave retrievals of cloud liquid water over land. IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing 37: 796-804.

Greenwald, T. J., and C. J. Drummond. 1999. Computing the atmospheric absorption for the DMSP operational linescan system infrared channel. J. of Atmos. and Oceanic Tech. 16: 1958-66.

Greenwald, T. J., R. Hertenstein, and T. Vukicevic. 2002. An all-weather observational operator for radiance data assimilation with mesoscale forecast models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130: 1882-97.

Greenwald, T. J., and A. S. Jones. 1999. Evaluation of seawater permittivity models at 150 GHz using satellite observations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens. 37: 2159-64.

Greenwald, T. J., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. What are the benefits of combining visible, infrared and microwave satellite data in retrieving cloud physical properties. Preprints, AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Greenwald, T. J., and T. Vukicevic. 2001. Assessment of the adjoint of a radiative transfer model for assimilation of cloudy visible radiances. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

———. 2002. Atmospheric radiative transfer adjoint models for the regional atmospheric modeling and data assimilation system (RAMDAS). Preprints, AMS 3rd Symposium on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction.

Greenwald, T. J., T. Vukicevic, and L. D. Grasso. 2003. Adjoint analysis of an observational operator for cloudy visible and infrared radiance assimilation. Quarterly J. Royal Meteor. Soc. (Submitted).

Guch, I. C., A. S. Jones, R. Ferraro, S. Q. Kidder, M. Kane, and C. Karlburg. 2003. Harnessing the spare computing power of desktop PCs for improved satellite data processing and technology transition. Preprints, AMS 19th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (submitted).

Hall, T. J., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 1999. The diurnal cycle of West Pacific deep convection and its relation to the spatial and temporal variation of tropical MCSs. J. Atmospheric Sciences 56, no. 19: 3401-15.

Hertenstein, R. F., T. Vukicevic, and T. J. Greenwald. 2000. Modeling support for data assimilation (poster). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Huffman, A. C. III, T. H. Vonder Haar, and G. L. Stephens. 1998. Physical characterization of clouds and precipitation using 94 GHz and 13.8 GHz radar. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 1998 Conference, 117-21.

Jones, A. S., S. Barlow, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 1998. Advanced remote sensing concepts in soil moisture analysis. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 1998 Conference, 440-446.

Jones, A. S., S. Q. Kidder, K. E. Eis, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. The use of an HDF-EOS-based parallel data-computing environment for cross-sensor satellite data merger and technology transition. AMS 18th International Conference on IIIPS for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Jones, A. S., P. J. Stephens, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. An improved Backus-Gilbert spatial filter for satellite data processing. Preprints, AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Jones, A. S., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. The use of satellite derived surface heating rates to retrieve soil moisture in cloudy conditions. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

———. 2001. Overview of an HDF-EOS-based parallel data-computing environment for multisensor satellite data merger and scientific analysis. AMS 17th Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

———. 2001. A parallel data-computing environment for multi-sensor satellite data merger and scientific analysis (poster). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

———. 2002. A dynamic parallel data-computing environment for cross-sensor satellite data merger and scientific analysis. J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech. 19, no. 9: 1307-17.

Jones, A. S., T. Vukicevic, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. Variational data assimilation of soil moisture using 6 and 10 GHz passive microwave data. Preprints, AMS 7th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems (IOS): The Water Cycle.

———. 2003. A microwave satellite observational operator for variational data assimilation of soil moisture. J. Hydrometeorology (Submitted).

Jones, J. C. 2003. "Comparisons of satellite-derived cloud heights with radar measurements of mid-level, mixed-phase clouds." M.S. Thesis, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Julien, P., and R. Rojas. 2002. Computer modeling of upland erosion. 13th IAHR-APD Congress.

———. 2002. Upland erosion modeling with CASC2D-SED. J. Sed. Res. 17, no. 4: 265-74.

Julien, P. Y., and R. Rojas. 2002. Watershed erosion modeling with CASC2D-SED. Preprints, National Meeting of the Korean Water Resources Assn., 27-40.

———. 2003. Watershed erosion modeling with CASC2D-SED. J. Hydraulic Engineering.

Kankiewicz, J. A., L. D. Carey, J. M. Davis, J. M. Forsythe, D. L. Reinke, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. Morphology of two mixed-phase clouds. Preprints, AMS 11th Conference on Cloud Physics.

Kankiewicz, A. J., L. D. Carey, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. An ISCCP-observed diurnal cycle in mid-level cloud cover. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Kankiewicz, A. J., R. P. Fleishauer, V. E. Larson, L. D. Carey, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. A "BUGSRAD" view of CLEX-5 & 7 observed mid-level, mixed-phase clouds. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Kankiewicz, J. A. 2000. Combining satellite and cloud profiling radar cloud climatologies over the Oklahoma ARM CART site (poster). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Kankiewicz, J. A., R. P. Fleishauer, V. E. Larson, D. L. Reinke, J. M. Davis, T. H. Vonder Haar, and S. K. Cox. 2000. In-situ and satellite-based observations of mixed phase non-precipitating clouds and their environments. Preprints, 13th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation, 607-700.

Kidder, S. Q. 2001. Measurement of the albedo of cirrus clouds at 3.9 µm. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

———. 2002. A measurement of the albedo of thick cirrus clouds at 3.9 µm. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, no. 10.

———. 2003. Cirrus detection and characterization using GOES 3.9um ALBEDO. Preprints, AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Kidder, S. Q., K. E. Eis, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 1998. New GOES imager system products suitable for use on field-deployable systems. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 1998 Conference, 452-59.

Kidder, S. Q., D. W. Hillger, A. J. Mostek, and K. J. Schrab. 2000. Two simple GOES Imager products for improved weather analysis and forecasting. National Weather Digest 24, no. 4: 25-30.

Kidder, S. Q., A. S. Jones, J. F. W. Purdom, and T. J. Greenwald. 1998. First local area products from the NOAA-15 advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 1998 Conference, 447-51.

Knapp, K. R., K. E. Eis, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 1988. Multi-sensor aerosol detection: Combining aerosol information from the GOES-8 and 9 imagers and NOAA/AVHRR. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 1998 Conference, 274-79.

Knapp, K. R., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. Aerosol optical depth retrievals over land during SCAR-B using the GOES-8 imager visible channel. Preprints, 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 346-49.

———. 2000. Aerosol remote sensing over the battlefield using geostationary visible sensors. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

———. 2000. Calibration of the eighth Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite (GOES-8) imager visible sensor. J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech. 17: 1639-44.

Knapp, K. R., T. H. Vonder Haar, and Y. Kaufman. 1999. Aerosol optical property retrievals: The effect of surface reflectance uncertainty. AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, 304-7.

Knapp, K. R., T. H. Vonder Haar, and Y. J. Kaufman. 2002. Aerosol optical depth retrieval from GOES-8: Uncertainty study and retrieval validation over South America. J. Geophys. Res. 107, no. D7. Abstract: 10.1029/2001JD000505.

Larson, V. E., R. P. Fleishauer, J. A. Kankiewicz, D. L. Reinke, L. D. Carey, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. The dynamics of altocumulus clouds. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Larson, V. E., R. P. Fleishauer, J. A. Kankiewicz, D. L. Reinke, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. An observational study of the microphysics of altostratus clouds. Preprints, Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Larson, V. E., R. P. Fleishauer, J. A. Kankiewicz, D. L. Reinke, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. The death of an altocumulus cloud. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, no. 13: 2609-12.

Larson, V. E., C. M. Sears, and J-C. Golaz. 2002. Turbulent and radiative structure of altocumulus clouds. Preprints, AMS 11th Conference on Cloud Physics.

Marroquin, A., and R. A. Sr. Pielke. 2001. Influence of surface heterogeneities on boundary layer dynamics and secondary coherent wind circulations. AMS 9th Conference on Mesoscale Processes.

———. 2001. Influence of surface heterogeneities on boundary layer dynamics and secondary coherent wind circulations. AMS 18th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting.

———. 2001. Influence of surface heterogeneities on boundary layer dynamics and secondary coherent wind circulations. AMS 14th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction.

———. 2002. Large-eddy simulation of the Lake-ICE Case 19 January 1998 with RAMS. Earth Interactions Jour. (Submitted).

McKague, D. S., R. J. Engelen, J. M. Forsythe, S. Q. Kidder, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. An optimal-estimation algorithm for water vapor profiling using AMSU. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 633-36.

McKague, D. S., J. M. Forsythe, A. S. Jones, S. Q. Kidder, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2003. A passive microwave optimal-estimation algorithm for near real-time atmospheric profiling. Preprints, AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

McNoldy, B. D., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. A preliminary observational study of hurricane eyewall mesovortices. AGU 2000 Fall Meeting.

Miller, S. D., and J. M. Davis. 2001. Radiative properties of the CLEX-7, March 10, middle level cloud case. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Miller, S. D., and G. L. Stephens. 2001. CloudSat instrument requirements as determined from ECMWF forecasts of global cloudiness. J. Geo. Res. 106, no. D16: 17713-33.

Miller, S. D., G. L. Stephens, and R. T. Austin. 2001. Evaluation of cloud optical property retrievals from GOES-10. J. Geophys. Res. 106: 17981-55.

———. 2001. GOES 10 cloud property retrievals in the context of vertically varying microphysics. J. Geophys. Res. 106, no. D16: 17713-33.

Nappo, C. J., R. K. Newsom, and R. M. Banta. 2002. Analysis techniques for boundary-layer atmospheric gravity waves. Preprints, AMS 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence.

Newsom, R. K. 2000. Mean wind profiles derived from Doppler radar or lidar data using general scanning techniques. AMS 14th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, 373-75.

Newsom, R. K., and R. M. Banta. 2002. Formation, evolution and decay of a shear flow instability in the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Preprints, AMS 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence.

———. 2002. Sensitivity of wind and temperature retrievals from 4DVAR to prescribed eddy viscosity profiles. AMS 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence.

———. 2003. Shear-flow instability in the stable nocturnal boundary layer as observed during CASES-99. J. Atmos. Sci. 60: 16-33.

Newsom, R. K., R. M. Banta, and J. K. Lundquist. 2000. Low-level jet characteristics as determined by high-resolution Doppler lidar during CASES-99. American Geophysical Union Fall 2000 Meeting, 148.

Newsom, R. K., R. M. Banta, J. Otten, W. L. Eberhard, and J. K. Lundquist. 2000. Doppler lidar observations of internal gravity waves, shear instability and turbulence during CASES-99 . Preprints, AMS 14th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, 362-65.

Newsom, R. K., R. M. Banta, and J. Sun. 2001. New applications of coherent lidar to the study of dynamics in the atmospheric boundary layer. 11th Coherent Laser Radar Conference, 101-4.

Newsom, R. K., W. A. Brewer, and A. Aberle. 2000. Remote detection of turbulence produced by a helicopter. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Newsom, R. K., W. A. Brewer, R. M. Hardesty, and V. Wulfmeyer. 2001. Development and meteorological applications of the NOAA/NCAR high-power 2mm Doppler lidar. Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, 102-4.

———. 2001. Development and meteorological applications of the NOAA/NCR high-power 2µm Doppler lidar. Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere: 102-4.

Poulos, G. S., W. Blumen, D. C. Fritts, J. K. Lundquist, J. Sun, S. Burns, C. Nappo, R. M. Banta, R. K. Newsom, J. Cuxart, E. Terradellas, B. Balsley, and M Jensen. 2002. CASES-99: A comprehensive investigation of the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Bull. Amer. Meteo. Soc. 83: 555-81.

Raff, D. A. 1001. "Evolution of drainage networks and hillslopes." Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Raff, D. A., and J. A. Ramirez. 2002. Physical, mechanistic hillslope hydrology model: Development and applications. AGU 22nd Hydrology Days, 224-32.

Reasor, P., and M. T. Montgomery. 1999. Diagnosing the QBO's influence on circumpolar vortex variability using MSU brightness temperatures and MSU-derived winds. Monthly Weather Review 127: 46-56.

Reinke, D. L., R. P. Fleishauer, V. E. Larson, J. A. Kankiewicz, J. M. Davis, J. M. Forsythe, T. H. Vonder Haar, and S. K. Cox. 2000. An overview of the Complex Layered Cloud Experiment (CLEX-r) field campaign during the period Nov-Dec 1999. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Reinke, D. L., J. M. Forsythe, J. A. Kankiewicz, K. R. Dean, C. L. Combs, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2003. Development and applications for regional cloud projects from the CHANCES global cloud database. AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Reinke, D. L., J. M. Forsythe, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2000. Climatological and Historical Analysis of Cloud for Environmental Simulations database for the 1997-98 data year (CHANCES 97). Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Reinke, D. L., J. M. Forsythe, T. H. Vonder Haar, K. R. Dean, and S. Woo. 2001. Multi-scale global cloud and water vapor database for battlespace applications. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Rojas, R., and P. Julien. 2001. Grid resolution effects on upland erosion predictions. USGS 2nd Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference.

Rojas, R., and P. Y. Julien. 2002. Modeling sediment transport with CACS2D-SED. AGU 22nd Hydrology Days.

Rojas-Sanchez, R. 2003. "GIS-based upland erosion modeling, geovisualization and grid size effects on erosion simulations with CASC2D-SED." Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Roohr, P. B. 1999. An analysis of the incorporation of lightning into the nowcasting of enhanced frozen precipitation. Eastern Snow Conference.

Roohr, P. B., and G. Brooks. 2002. An analysis of MM5 performance for four major snowstorms over the Korean peninsula. Preprints, AMS Weather Analysis and Forecasting Conference.

Roohr, P. B., and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. An analysis of the incorporation of lightning into the nowcasting of enhanced frozen precipitation. Preprints, AMS Weather Analysis and Forecasting Conference.

———. 2002. A correlation of snow crystal phenomenology to radar patterns and lightning activity in winter storms. Postprints, AMS 11th Conference on Cloud Physics.

Ruston, B. C., T. H. Vonder Haar, and J. M. Forsythe. 2001. Imagery interpretation of microwave observations by AMSU and TMI over a complex tropical region. Preprints, AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Ruston, B. C., T. H. Vonder Haar, D. S. McKague, and J. Wang. 2002. A preliminary look into spectral microwave emissivities over the continental U.S. Postprints, AMS 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation.

Saitwal, K., M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, and D. Reinke. 2003. A multi-channel temporally adaptive system for continuous cloud classification from satellite imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing (Accepted).

Saitwal, K., M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, and D. L. Reinke. 2001. Study of a multi-channel temporally adaptable system for continuous cloud classification from GOES imagery. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Schuster, D. C. 2001. "Prototype real time boundary layer prediction in support of the CASES-99." M.S. Thesis, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Schuster, D. C., W. R. Cotton, and R. L. Walko. 2000. A prototype realtime boundary layer forecast model running on clusters of PCs. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

———. 2001. Prototype real-time boundary layer prediction in support of the CASES-99 nocturnal boundary layer experiment. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Stephens, P. J., and A. S. Jones. 2002. A computationally efficient discrete Backus-Gilbert method for footprint-matching applications. IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens. 40, no. 8: 1865-78.

———. 2002. "Derivation and analysis of a computationally efficient discrete Backus-Gilbert footprint-matching algorithm." CIRA Technical Report, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Sun, J., D. H. Lenschow, S. P. Burns, R. M. Banta, R. K. Newsom, R. L. Coulter, S. Frasier, T. Ince, C. Nappo, B. Balsley, M. Jensen, D. Miller, B. Skelly, J. Cuxart, W. Blumen, X. Lee, and X. Z. Hu. 2002. Intermittent turbulence in stable boundary layers and its relationship with density currents. Boundary-Layer Meteor. 105: 199-219.

Tian, B. M., M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, and W. F. Gao. 2000. Comparison of two different PNN training approaches for satellite cloud data classification. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN '99), 164-68.

———. 2001. Comparison of two different PNN training approaches for satellite cloud data classification. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 12, no. 1: 164-68.

Tian, B. M., M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, T. H. Vonder Haar, and D. L. Reinke. 2000. Temporal updating scheme for probabilistic neural network with application to satellite cloud classification. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 11, no. 4: 903-20.

Tian, B. M., M. A. Shaikh, M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, T. H. Vonder Haar, and D. L. Reinke. 1999. A study of cloud classification with neural networks using spectral and textural features. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 10, no. 1: 138-51.

Volz, K. P., S. J. Cooper, J. M. Davis, and S. K. Cox. 2000. Inference of cloud optical properties with the 2FOV radiometer. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Vonder Haar, T. H. 2001. Some new operational applications of METSAT observations. Preprints, AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Vonder Haar, T. H., K. R. Dean, J. M. Forsythe, T. J. Greenwald, and S. Q. Kidder. 2001. Comparison of satellite and ground-based measurements of cloud liquid water in several climate zones. International Geophysics and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2001.

Vonder Haar, T. H., J. M. Forsythe, T. J. Greenwald, S. Q. Kidder, and K. R. Dean. 2001. Comparison of satellite and ground-based measurements of cloud liquid water in several climate zones. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Vonder Haar, T. H., J. M. Forsythe, D. L. Randel, and R. J. Engelen. 1999. Comparison of new TOVS upper tropospheric moisture retrieval with other water vapor datasets. Preprints, AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, 244-50.

Vonder Haar, T. H., M. A. Ringerud, and D. L. Reinke. 2000. High-resolution space/time variations of cloud conditions from the CHANCES data set. Preprints, AMS 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 391-92.

Vukicevic, T. 1999. Advection algorithms in the context of variational data assimilation. 3rd WMO International Symposium on Assimilation of Observations in Meteorology and Oceanography.

Vukicevic, T. 2000. Adjoint analysis of stratocumulus cloud formations. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2000 Conference.

Vukicevic, T., B. Braswell, and D. Schimel. 2001. A diagnostic study of temperature controls on global terrestrial carbon exchange. Tellus 53B: 150-170.

Vukicevic, T., and T. Greenwald. 2001. 4DVAR cloudy radiance assimilation with a mesoscale model. 8th Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS), Symposium on Satellite Data Assimilation in Numerical Models, p. 57.

Vukicevic, T., T. Greenwald, R. Hertenstein, and M. Ghemires. 2001. Use of cloudy radiance observations in mesoscale data assimilation. Preprints, AMS 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems.

Vukicevic, T., T. J. Greenwald, D. Zupanski, and M. Zupanski. 2001. New parallel RAMS 4DVAR data assimilation algorithm applied to GOES radiance measurements. Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Vukicevic, T., and P. Hess. 2000. Analysis of tropospheric transport in the Pacific basin using the adjoint technique. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos. 105, no. D6: 7213-30.

Vukicevic, T., M. Steyskal, and M. Hecht. 2001. Properties of advection algorithms in the context of variational data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 129: 1221-31.

Vukicevic, T., M. Zupanski, D. Zupanski, and T. J. Greenwald. 2002. Assimilation of cloudy radiance measurements using regional atmospheric modeling and data assimilation system at CIRA. Preprints, AMS 3rd Symposium on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction.

Vukicevic, T., M. Zupanski, D. Zupanski, T. J. Greenwald, A. S. Jones, T. H. Vonder Haar, D. Ojima, and R. Pielke. 2002. An overview of a mesoscale 4DVAR data assimilation research model: RAMDAS. Preprints, AMS 3rd Symposium on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction.

Wang, J. 2002. "Cloud classification and cloud base height estimation using neural networks." M.S. Thesis, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

———. 2002. A pixel-based temporally adaptable approach for cloud classification. Preprints, IGARSS 2002 .

Wang, J., M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, and D. L. Reinke. 2001. A pixel-based cloud classification approach . Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) 2001 Conference.

Wang, J., M. R. Azimi-Sadjadi, D. L. Reinke, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. A pixel-based temporally adaptable approach for cloud classification. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (Accepted).

Whitcomb, D., D. L. Reinke, M. Hiatt, and K. Eis. 2000. A Windows NT-based GOES I-M data collection system. Preprints, 16th International Conference on IIPS.

Worthington, R. M., R. M. Banta, R. K. Newsom, J. K. Lundquist, M. L. Jensen, A. Muschinski, R. G. Frehlich, and B. B. Balsley. 2000. Combined lidar and in-situ measurements of waves in the stable night-time boundary layer above Kansas. AMS 14th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, 588-89.

Wulfmeyer, V., R. K. Newsom, and R. M. Hardesty. 2000. Investigation of the structure of the tropical marine boundary layer. 5th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling.

Wulfmeyer, V., M. Randall, C. Walther, R. K. Newsom, W. A. Brewer, and R. M. Hardesty. 2000. High-performance 2-µm Doppler lidar and its shipborne applications in the tropical marine boundary layer. 20th International Laser Radar Conference.

Zupanski, M. 2003. Ensemble data assimilation with Hessian preconditioning. Num. Lin. Alge. Appl. (Submitted).

Zupanski, M., and D. Zupanski. 2003. Maximum likelihood ensemble filter, part I: Theoretical aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev. (Submitted).

Zupanski, M., D. Zupanski, T. Vukicevic, T. Greenwald, K. Eis, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2002. Impact of forecast and model error correlation in 4DVAR data assimilation. 27th General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society.

CIRA ACTIVITIES AND PARTICIPATION IN DMSP SATELLITE DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/C. Matsumoto

Sponsor: NESDIS

Abstract - This program at CIRA is being undertaken to support NOAA's Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Program at National Geophysics Data Center (MGDC) in Boulder, CO. This effort emphasizes the use of current technology in the use and interpretation of meteorological satellite imagery, the development of new applications like the early detection of forest fires, the preparation of research quality data from DMSP satellites for the national archives, and the preparation and distribution of data and products to the user community.

Dietz, J. B., C. D. Elvidge, R. Berkelmans, S. Andrefouet, W. Skirving, A. E. Strong, and B. T. Tuttle. 2003. Coral reef bleaching study of Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef) using IKONOS satellite data. Coral Reefs (Submitted).

Elvidge, C., V. R. Hobson, K. E. Baugh, J. B. Dietz, Y. Shimabukuro, and F. Echavarria. 2001. DMSP-OLS estimation of tropical forest area impacted by surface fires in Roraima, Brazil: 1995 vs. 1998. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22, no. 14: 2661-73.

Elvidge, C., M. Imhoff, K. Baugh, V. Hobson, I. Nelson, J. Safran, J. Dietz, and B. Tuttle. 2001. Night-time lights of the world: 1994-1995. Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 56: 81-89.

Elvidge, C. D., V. R. Hobson, I. L. Nelson, J. M. Safran, B. T. Tuttle, m K. E. Baugh, and J. B. Dietz. 2002. "Global observation of urban areas based on nocturnal lighting." The Land Use and Land Cover Change Newsletter, LUCC Project of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme and the International Human Dimensions Programme.

Elvidge, C. D., V. R. Hobson, I. L. Nelson, J. M. Safran, B. T. Tuttle, J. B. Dietz, and K. E. Baugh. 2003. Chapter 13: Overview of DMSP OLS and scope of applications. Remotely Sensed Cities. V. Mesev, 281-99. London, England: Taylor and Francis Publishers, Inc.

Elvidge, C. E., K. E. Baugh, J. Dietz, T. Bland, and H. W. Kroel. 1998. Radiance calibration of satellite observed nocturnal visible and near-infrared emissions for human settlements. Remote Sensing of Environment 68: 77-88.

Serke, D. 1997. Multiple ITCZs in SSM/I and SSM/T-2. Preprints, 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.

———. 1997. Multispectral analysis of DMSP data with respects to mesoscale and synoptic-scale atmospheric phenomena. American Geophysical Union Meeting.

CIRA ACTIVITIES AND PARTICIPATION IN THE GOES I-M PRODUCT ASSURANCE PLAN

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/M. DeMaria

Sponsors: NOAA/NESDIS

Abstract: - In April 1994, NOAA introduced a new geostationary satellite series with the launch of GOES-8: the new series is called GOES-I/M. In May 1995, the second in the series, GOES-9, was launched and in April 1997, GOES-K was launched. In response to the need to insure transition from GOES-7 to GOES-8 and GOES-9 day-1 products and beyond, CIRA has been involved in NESDIS' GOES-I/M Product Assurance Plan, GIMPAP. The GIMPAP provides the means to checkout the performance of GOES satellites immediately after launch, to assure the viability of GOES-I/M day-1 products, to improve operational products, to develop advanced products, and to ensure integration of the results into NESDIS operations. As a part of this effort, CIRA developed a system that allows for the display and analysis of digital satellite imagery at selected field sites. This system, known as RAMSDIS (RAMM Advanced Meteorological Satellite Demonstration and Interpretation System), is a prototype satellite imaging system which allows for menu-driven collection, display and manipulation of full-resolution digital satellite imagery. The system is allowing for interaction between RAMM/CIRA and NWS field offices (as well as selected OAR sites) in a virtual laboratory atmosphere. Techniques and algorithms developed at RAMM/CIRA are being tested and critiqued by both the research and operational community via this system, which is leading to technique and algorithm improvements.

Recently, most RAMSDIS systems at NWS offices have been retired now that the AWIPS deployment is completed. CIRA is continuing to develop GOES algorithms and products for severe weather, tropical cyclones and mesoscale aspects of mid-latitude cyclones, and fire and volcanic ash detection. These products are being tested and distributed using web-based applications, and eventually through the AWIPS system.

Alfaro, R., W. Fernandez, and B. Connell. 1999. Detection of the forest fires of April 1997 in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, using GOES-8 images. Int. J. Remote Sensing 20, no. 6: 1189-95.

Bikos, D., B. C. Motta, B. A. Zajac, and J. W. Weaver. 2000. A satellite perspective of the 03 May 1999 Great Plains tornado outbreak and comments on lightning activity. National Symposium on the Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of 3 May 1999.

Bikos, D. E., J. F. Weaver, and B. C. Motta. 2002. A satellite perspective of the 03 May 1999 Great Plains tornado outbreak within Oklahoma. Weather and Forecasting 17: 635-46.

Campbell, G. G., J. F. W. Purdom, and C. E. Vaughn. 1996. Asynchronous stereo height and motion estimation from multiple satellite images. SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation, 95-110.

———. 1996. Update on accurate cloud motions and heights using time adjusted stereo. Third International Wind Workshop - EUMETSAT, 241-55.

Chase, T. N., J. A. Knaff, and R. A. Pielke. 2001. Trends in global monsoon circulations: Evidence for a diminished hydrological cycle. 81st Annual AMS Meeting.

Chase, T. N., R. A. Pielke, J. A. Knaff, T. G. Kittel, and J. L. Eastman. 2000. A comparison of regional trends in 1979-1997 depth-averaged tropospheric temperatures. Int. J. Clim. 20: 503-18.

Combs, C. L. 2001. Wind regime cloud cover composites of convective development over the Wakefield, VA region. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 165-67.

Combs, C. L., M. Weiland, M. DeMaria, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2003. Examining high wind events using satellite cloud cover composites over the Cheyenne, WY region. AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Connell, B. H., and V. Castro. 2001. The use of mesoscale climatologies for monitoring and forecasting weather in Costa Rica. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 157-60.

Connell, B. H., C. L. Combs, and M. DeMaria. 2002. Regional satellite cloud composites for forecast offices. CIRA 2002 17: 18-19.

Connell, B. H., and K. Gould. 2000. GOES-8 visible cloud frequency composites of the convectively active sea breeze under stratified synoptic flow over the Florida panhandle. AMS 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Daniels, J. M., T. J. Schmit, and D. W. Hillger. 2001. "GOES-11 imager and sounder radiance and product validations for the GOES-11 Science Test." NOAA Technical Report, NESDIS 103.

DeMaria, M. 2003. 50 years of progress in Operational Forecasting of Atlantic tropical cyclones. AMS Simpson Symposium.

———. 2003. A Monte Carlo method for estimating surface wind speed probabilities. 57th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

DeMaria, M., D. Hillger, R. Zehr, and B. Connell. 1999. Incorporation of GOES data into an Atlantic tropical cyclone formation parameter. 53rd Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

DeMaria, M., and J. Kaplan. 1999. An updated statistical hurricane intensity prediction scheme (SHIPS) for the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Basins. Weather and Forecasting 14: 326-37.

DeMaria, M., J. A. Knaff, and B. H. Connell. 2001. A tropical cyclone genesis parameter for the tropical Atlantic. Weather and Forecasting 16, no. 2 : 219-33.

DeMaria, M., M. Mainelli, L. K. Shay, J. A. Knaff, and J. P. Kossin. 2003. Improvements in real-time statistical tropical cyclone intensity forecasts using satellite data. AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

DeMaria, M., R. M. Zehr, J. P. Kossin, and J. A. Knaff. 2002. The use of GOES imagery in statistical hurricane intensity prediction. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 120-121.

DeMaria, M., R. M. Zehr, C. S. Velden, and F. M. Horsfall. 2000. Further improvements to the statistical hurricane intensity prediction scheme using GOES imagery. AMS 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 240-241.

Dills, P. N., and J. F. W. Purdom. 1996. Cloud motion wind as derived from special 1-minute GOES-8 scan sequences. AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 158.

Dills, P. N., J. F. W. Purdom, and D. Hillger. 1996. Distinguishing between different meteorological phenomena and land surface properties using the multispectral imaging capabilities of GOES-8. AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 339-42.

Dostalek, J. F., J. F. Weaver, J. F. W. Purdom, and K. Y. Winston. 1997. Nighttime detection of low-level thunderstorm outflow using a GOES multi-spectral image product. J. Weather and Forecasting 12, no. 4: 948-51.

Ellrod, G. P., B. H. Connell, and D. W. Hillger. 2003. Improved detection of airborne volcanic ash using multi-spectral infrared satellite data. J. Geophysical Research 108, no. D12: 6.1-6.13.

Fuelberg, H. E., P. K. Rao, and D. W. Hillger. 1995. Clustering of satellite sounding radiances to investigate intense low-level humidity gradients. J. Appl. Meteor. 34: 1525-35.

Grasso, L. D. 2000. The dissipation of a left-moving cell in a severe storm environment. Mon. Wea. Rev. 128: 2797-815.

———. 2000. A numerical simulation of dryline sensitivity to soil moisture. Mon. Wea. Rev. 128, no. 2816-2834.

Grasso, L. D., and E. R. Hilgendorf. 2001. Observations of a severe left moving thunderstorm. Weather and Forecasting 16, no. 4: 500-511.

Hilgendorf, E. R. 1999. Precipitation research. CIRA '99 11.

Hillger, D. W. 1994. Use of truncated principal component analysis to improve images from satellite sounding channels. AMS 7th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 540-541.

———. 1996. Meteorological analysis using principal component image transformation of GOES imagery. 1996 International Radiation Symposium.

———. 1996. Meteorological features from principal component image transformation of GOES imager and sounder data. AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 90-95.

———. 1996. Meteorological features from principal component image transformation of GOES imagery. International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, 111-21.

———. 1997. Geostationary weather satellites. Topical Time 48, no. 2: 41-42.

———. 1997. Polar-orbiting weather satellites. Topical Time 48, no. 4: 33-36.

———. 1999. GOES Imager and Sounder calibration, scaling, and image quality, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

———. 2002. Changes in the GOES-12 Imager. CIRA 2002 17: 13-14.

Hillger, D. W., and P. J. Celone. 1997. "A GOES image quality analysis system for the satellite operations control center." NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 89.

Hillger, D. W., and J. Clark. 2001. Simulation of GOES-M 5-band imager using MODIS data. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 600-603.

Hillger, D. W., and J. D. Clark. 2001. Principal component image analysis of MODIS for volcanic ash. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 55-60.

———. 2002. Principal component image analysis of MODIS for volcanic ash, part 1: Most important bands and implications for future GOES imagers. J. Appl. Meteo. 41, no. 10: 985-1001.

———. 2002. Principal component image analysis of MODIS for volcanic ash, part 2: Simulations of current GOES and GOES-M imagers. J. Appl. Meteo. 41, no. 10: 1003-10.

Hillger, D. W., and G. P. Ellrod. 2000. Detection of unusual atmospheric and surface features by employing principal component image transformation of GOES imagery. AMS 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

———. 2003. Detection of important atmospheric and surface features by employing principal component image transformation of GOES imagery. J. Appl. Meteor. 42, no. 5: 611-29.

Hillger, D. W., and S. Q. Kidder. 2003. A simple GOES skin temperature product. AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Hillger, D. W., J. F. W. Purdom, J. F. Weaver, R. M. Zehr, R. S. Phillips, J. F. Dostalek, C. E. Vaughn, and B. H. Connell. 1996. GOES 3.9 µm channel tutorial. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Hillger, D. W., and G. Toth. 2001. Barometers and isobars. Tropical Time 52, no. 6: 17-21.

Johnson, J. T., G. DiMego, D. A. Molenar, L. P. Rothfusz, J. S. Snook, and P. A. Stamus. 1996. Weather information display: Analysis and product generation tools used for support of the 1996 Summer Olympic Games: Mesoscale analysis tools. AMS 12th Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, 13-16.

Kaplan, J., and M. DeMaria. 2001. A note on the decay of tropical cyclone winds after landfall in the New England area. J. of Applied Meteorology 40, no. 2: 280-286.

———. 2002. Estimating the probability of rapid intensification using the SHIPS model output: Some preliminary results. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 124-25.

Kidder, S. Q., D. W. Hillger, A. J. Mostek, and K. J. Schrab. 2000. Two simple GOES Imager products for improved weather analysis and forecasting. National Weather Digest 24, no. 4: 25-30.

Knaff, J. A. 1999. Tropical cyclone structure change as revealed by one-minute satellite imagery. AMS 23rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.

Knaff, J. A., J. P. Kossin, and D. DeMaria. 2003. Annular Hurricanes. Wea. Forecasting 18, no. 2: 204-23.

Knaff, J. A., J. P. Kossin, and M. DeMaria. 2002. What are annular hurricanes. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 609-10.

Knaff, J. A., and C. W. Landsea. 2001. Application of the El Nino: Southern oscillation CLIimatoloty and PERsistence (CLIPER) forecasting scheme. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulleting 10, no. 2: 31-34.

———. 2001. Application of the El Nino: Southern oscillation CLImatology and PERsistence (CLIPER) forecasting scheme. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin 10, no. 3: 40-42.

Knaff, J. A., and C. S. Velden. 2000. Relationships between the multi-layered wind field and the intensity of Hurricane Floyd. AMS 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 492-93.

———. 2002. Examining the eight-day evolution of upper level winds in Hurricane Floyd. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 37-38.

Knaff, J. A., N. Wang, R. M. Zehr, M. DeMaria, J. S. Griffin, and F. D. Marks. 2003. A demonstration of real-time transmission and display of GOES imagery aboard the NOAA P-3 aircraft during the 2002 hurricane season. AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Knaff, J. A., and J. W. Weaver. 2000. A mesoscale low-level thunderstorm outflow boundary associated with Hurricane Luis. Mon. Wea. Rev. 128, no. 9: 3352-55.

Knaff, J. A., and R. M. Zehr. 1999. Convective asymmetries in mature tropical cyclones associated with motion and vertical wind shear. AMS 23rd conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.

Koyama, T., and D. W. Hillger. 2002. Verification of GMS-5 VISSR infrared detector using structure function analysis. 3rd International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium.

Koyama, T., D. W. Hillger, and T. H. Vonder Haar. 2001. MODIS statistical structure function analysis. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 596-99.

Landsea, C. W., and J. A. Knaff. 2000. How much skill was there in forecasting the great 1997-98 El Nino? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.: 2107-19.

———. 2001. Application of the El Nino: Southern oscillation CLImatology and PERsistance (CLIPER) forecasting scheme. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin 10, no. 1: 31-33.

———. 2001. How much "skill" was there in forecasting the great 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-2000 La Nina events? AMS 81st Annual Meeting.

———. 2002. How much "skill" was there in forecasting the strong 1997-1998 El Nino and 1998-2001 La Nina events. AMS 15th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.

Mainelli, M., M. DeMaria, and L. K. Shay. 2002. The impact of oceanic heat content on hurricane intensity forecasts using the SHIPS model. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 627-28.

Menzel, W. P., and J. F. W. Purdom. 1994. Introducing GOES-I: The first of a new generation of geostationary operational environmental satellites. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 76, no. 6: 757-81.

———. 1995. Examples of GOES-8 data and products. AMS 7th Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmospheres Topical Meeting, 2-4.

———. 1995. Examples of GOES-8 data and products. 23rd Meeting of the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites, A135-37.

Molenar, D. A., J. F. W. Purdom, C. E. Vaughn, B. H. Connell, and J. F. Dostalek. 1997. RAMSDIS use in regional meteorological training centers. AMS 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems, 88-90.

Molenar, D. A., K. J. Schrab, and J. F. W. Purdom. 2000. RAMSDIS contributions to NOAA satellite data utilization. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 81, no. 5: 1019-29.

Molenar, D. A., K. J. Schrab, J. F. W. Purdom, and H. Gosden. 1996. RAMSDIS in digital satellite data training and analysis. AMS 12th Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, 160-163.

Molenar, D. A., J. Yang, K. J. Schrab, and J. F. W. Purdom. 1995. The use of digital satellite data using PC based workstations. AMS 11th International Conference on International Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, 145-48.

Motta, B. C., D. Bikos, B. Zajac, S. Bachmeier, T. Whittaker, B. Grant, J. LaDue, N. Junker, K. Schrab, D. Baumgardt, R. Grumm, P. Wolf, J. F. Weaver, R. Zehr, and A. Mostek. 2002. VISIT integrated sensor training: Using AWIPS satellite products and capabilities. AMS AWIPS Symposium, J11-J16.

Motta, B. C., and P. N. Dills. 1998. Applications that adjust geolocation to account for parallax. AMS 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, J5.7.

———. 1998. Applications that adjust geolocation to account for parallax. AMS 14th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS).

Motta, B. C., R. H. Grumm, and A. Mostek. 2001. Model trends and satellite imagery in forecasting. AMS 18th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 232-34.

Nolan, D. S., M. T. Montgomery, and L. D. Grasso. 2001. The wavenumber one instability and trochoidal motion of hurricane-like vortices. J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 3243-70.

Petersen, W. A., L. D. Carey, S. A. Rutledge, J. C. Knievel, N. J. Doesken, R. H. Johnson, T. B. McKee, T. H. Vonder Haar, and J. F. Weaver. 1999. Mesoscale and radar observations of the Fort Collins flash flood of 28 July 1997. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 80, no. 2: 191-216.

Introduction to GOES-8. NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, CO.

Phillips, R. S., and J. F. W. Purdom. 1995. Introduction to GOES-8: An example of the use of computer-aided distance learning in meteorology. CALMet95.

———. 1995. Introduction to GOES-8: An example of the use of computer-aided distance learning in meteorology. WMO 2nd International Conference on Computer-aided Learning and Distance Learning in Meteorology.

———. 1996. Applications of 3.9µm channel imagery from GOES-8/9: An example of the use of computer-aided distance learning in meteorology. Meteorological Satellite Data Users' Conference.

Pielke, R. A., T. N. Chase, T. G. F. Kittel, J. A. Knaff, and J. Eastman. 2001. Analysis of 200 mb zonal wind for the period 1958-1997. J. Geophysical Research 106, no. D21: 27287-90.

Prins, E., J. Schmetz, L. P. Flynn, D. W. Hillger, and J. M. Feltz. 2001. Overview of current and future diurnal active fire monitoring using a suite of international geostationary satellites. Global and Regional Wildfire Monitoring: Current status and future plans. Eds. F. J. Ahern, J. G. Goldammer, and C. E. Justice, 145-70. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.

Purdom, J. F. W. 1993. Comparison of GOES-7 and simulated GOES-I imagery. AMS 13th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting.

———. 1993. Verification techniques. 2nd International Wind Workshop, 11-13.

———. 1994. GOES-I Imagery. AMS 7th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

———. 1994. Observations of local severe storms using satellite data with emphasis on NOAA's new GOES-8 satellite. US/Japan Workshop on the Technology of Disaster Prevention Against Local Severe Storms.

———. 1995. Advanced atmospheric studies using GOES-8/9 multichannel imagery. The Meteorological Satellite Data Users' Conference, 257-67.

———. 1996. Detailed cloud motions from satellite imagery taken at one and three minute intervals. 3rd International Winds Workshop, 137-46.

———. 1996. The Era of GOES-8 and Beyond: Interpretation of images and products. Short Course on New Generation GOES Training (GOES-8/9): AMS Annual Meeting.

———. 1996. Nowcasting with the new generation GOES. 31^st COSPAR Scientific Assembly.

———. 1996. One minute interval imaging of atmospheric phenomena using NOAA's new generation of geostationary satellites. AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 164-67.

———. 1996. Satellite meteorology: Remote sensing using the new GOES imager. Boulder, CO: COMET, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

———. 1996. The use of NOAA's new generation of geostationary satellites to observe ocean phenomena. AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 96-99.

———. 1997. Satellite meteorology applications: A demonstration project for satellite meteorology applications focused on regional meteorological training centers in Costa Rica and Barbados. World Meteorological Organization Bulletin 46, no. 3: 230-237.

Purdom, J. F. W., and P. N. Dills. 1993. Cloud motion and height measurements from multiple satellites including cloud heights and motions in polar regions. 2nd International Winds Conference, 245-48.

———. 1996. Use of GOES-8 imager data to detect and monitor ocean phenomena. Conference on Coastal Oceanic and Atmospheric Prediction.

Purdom, J. F. W., and W. P. Menzel. 1995. Near term opportunities and past impacts of space-based data in operational weather forecasting. AMS 14th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 295-306.

———. 1996. Chapter 5: Evolution of satellite observations in the United States and their use in meteorology. Historical Essays on Meteorology 1919-1995. Ed. J. R. Fleming, 99-156. Boston, MA: Amer. Meteor. Soc.

Purdom, J. F. W., and R. S. Phillips. 1995. The use of interactive systems and computer-aided distance learning to train meteorologists in the use of digital geostationary satellite imagery. WMO 2nd International Conference on Computer-aided Learning and Distance Learning in Meteorology.

———. 1995. The use of interactive systems and computer-aided distance learning to train meteorologists in the use of digital geostationary satellite imagery. CALMet95, 55-57.

Reasor, P. D., M. T. Montgomery, F. D. Marks, L. F. Bosart, J. F. Gamache, and J. A. Knaff. 2003. Diagnosing the role of convective hot towers in tropical cyclogenesis using airborne Doppler-derived winds. AMS Simpson Symposium.

Schrab, K. J., D. A. Molenar, P. N. Dills, and J. F. W. Purdom. 1996. The use of digital satellite data in NWS field offices. AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 50-53.

Schrab, K. J., D. A. Molenar, J. F. W. Purdom, L. Dunn, and B. Colman. 1994. The use of digital satellite data via a menu system in NWS offices. AMS 7th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 448-51.

Schubert, W. H., B. D. McNoldy, J. Vigh, S. R. Fulton, and R. M. Zehr. 2002. A case study of tropical cyclone merger. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 293-94.

Velden, C. S., T. L. Olander, and R. M. Zehr. 1998. Development of an objective scheme to estimate tropical cyclone intensity from digital geostationary satellite infrared imagery. J. Weather and Forecasting 13, no. 1: 172-86.

Watson, D. L., and D. W. Hillger. 1999. RAMSDIS On-Line: A Web-based tool for the satellite data user. CIRA '99 11: 4-5.

Weaver, J. F. 1999. Delayed disaster. Fire Chief Magazine, no. September: 34-40.

———. 2000. Chapter 23: Windstorms associated with extratropical cyclones. Storms. eds. R. A. Jr. Pielke, and R. A. Sr. Pielke, 449-60. Vol. I. London: Routledge Press Limited.

Weaver, J. F., J. F. Dostalek, B. C. Motta, and J. F. W. Purdom. 2000. Severe thunderstorms on 31 May 1996: A satellite training case. National Weather Digest 23, no. 4: 3-19.

Weaver, J. F., J. F. Dostalek, and L. Phillips. 2001. Left-moving thunderstorms in a high plains, weakly-sheared environment. AMS 18th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 208-13.

———. 2001. Left-moving thunderstorms in a high plains, weakly-sheared environment. AMS 14th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, 208-13.

Weaver, J. F., J. A. Knaff, D. E. Bikos, G. Wade, and J. M. Daniels. 2002. Satellite observations of a severe supercell thunderstorm on 24 July 2000 taken during the GOES-11 science test. Weather and Forecasting 17: 124-38.

Weaver, J. F., J. A. Knaff, J. M. Daniels, and G. S. Wade. 2001. Observations of a severe supercell thunderstorm on 24 July using GOES-11 sounder and imagery. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 397-401.

Weaver, J. F., J.A. Knaff, and D. E. Bikos. 2002. Reply to comments on: Satellite observations of a severe supercell thunderstorm on 24 July 2000 made during the GOES-11 science test. Wea. Forecasting 17, no. 5: 1118-27.

Weaver, J. F., G. Levy, and E. Gruntfest. 2000. Two floods in Fort Collins, Colorado: Learning from a natural disaster. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, no. 10: 2359-66.

Weaver, J. F., W. A. Peterson, and N. J. Doesken. 1998. Some unusual aspects of the Fort Collins flash flood of 28 July 1997. AMS 8th Conference on Mountain Meteorology.

Weaver, J. F., J. F. W. Purdom, and T. L. Schneider. 1995. Observing forest fires with the GOES-8, 3.µm imaging channel. J. Weather and Forecasting 10: 803-8.

Zehr, R. M. 1995. Improving geostationary satellite applications for tropical cyclone forecasting. AMS 21st Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 628-30.

———. 1997. Satellite analysis of tropical cyclones: More quantitative and more thorough techniques. AMS 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.

———. 1998. Use of satellite data to assess vertical wind shear forcing on hurricane intensity change. AMS 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting and Symposium on the Research Foci of the U.S. Weather Research Program, 529-31.

———. 1998. Vertical wind shear analysis with hurricanes. 52nd Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

———. 1998. Vertical wind shear and tropical cyclone intensity. Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change, AMS Annual Meeting, 124-28.

———. 1999. Improving the quantitative assessment of vertical wind shear on tropical cyclone intensity change. AMS 23rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.

———. 2000. Tropical cyclone research using large infrared image data sets. 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 486-87.

———. 2001. Characteristics of 23 Atlantic intense hurricanes-1995-2000: Satellite and aircraft observations. 55th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

———. 2001. Tropical cyclone surface wind analysis using satellite sensors. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 296-99.

Zehr. R.M. 2002. Vertical wind shear characteristics with Atlantic hurricanes during 2001. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 170-171.

Zehr, R. M. 2003. Environmental vertical wind shear with Hurricane Bertha (1996). Wea. Forecasting 18, no. 2: 345-56.

———. 2003. Tropical cyclone surface wind analysis using satellite data: Dvorak, microwave, scatterometer, and cloud motion winds. 57th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

Zehr, R. M., M. DeMaria, F. Horsfall, and J. Knaff. 1999. Observational tropical cyclone data archive and research. 53rd Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

CIRA ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. WEATHER RESEARCH PROGRAM

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/M. DeMaria

Sponsors: NOAA/NESDIS

Abstract - Over the past several years, the CIRA Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology (RAMM) Team has performed research under funding from NOAA's Severe Weather Prediction Initiative (SWPI). Efforts have focused on the use of satellite data for mesoscale analysis of high-impact weather events, and on forecast product development. Beginning in 2000, the SWPI program was combined with the ongoing U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP). For 2001-2002, contributions to the Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) effort have been emphasized by the USWRP. Two NESDIS/CIRA research projects were ranked as high priorities for the JHT. These include research related to improvements to the operational Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) using satellite altimetry and GOES data, and the development of an Advanced Microwave Sounder unit (AMSU) algorithm for tropical cyclone intensity and size estimation. The second project is a joint effort with the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), located in Madison, Wisconsin. This continuation proposal describes the CIRA research contributions to the JHT for the second year of these two projects. The proposed research contributes directly to two of the eight primary themes of CIRA: 1. Local and Mesoscale Area Weather Forecasting and Evaluation, 2. Applications of Satellite Observations.

No publications to date associated with this project.

CIRA'S CROSS-SENSOR PRODUCTS FOR IMPROVED WEATHER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING

Principal Investigators: S. Kidder/A. Jones

Sponsor: NOAA

Abstract - In the forty+ years since the beginning of weather satellites, satellite imagery has revolutionized weather analysis and forecasting. Satellite "pictures" and "movie loops" are routinely and extensively used to analyze the current weather and to make short-term forecasts. Yet a brief analysis of how the data are used reveals that much more could be learned about the weather from satellite data.

One of the problems is that, except in atmospheric sounding retrievals, data from separate satellite sensors is almost never combined to make an improved product. An example of this concerns precipitable water observations. While most components of the atmosphere have relatively fixed concentrations, water vapor varies from near zero percent to in excess of four percent of atmospheric molecules. Further, the spatial variation of water vapor concentration is also quite variable. Forecasters need to know where the water vapor is to make precipitation forecasts, and several satellite instruments have been flown to make these vital measurements. However, data from different satellite sensors are not combined to make a unified water vapor product. Instead, separate water vapor products are created for each sensor, and the forecaster is left to sort through them to discover the truth.

No publications to date associated with this project.

A COMPARISON OF ROOFTOP AND STANDARD GROUND-BASED TEMPERATURE

Principal Investigators: T. McKee/N. Doesken

Sponsor: NOAA

Abstract - Accuracy and continuity of surface air temperature measurements are critical for many NOAA activities including short term weather forecasting and warning, climate monitoring and the prediction and assessment of decadal to centennial climate change. This project will study biases and uncertainties in temperature records caused by rooftop instrument locations. Both National Weather Service stations and non-NOAA sources will be investigated. Ground level to rooftop temperature differences will be studied to show what, if any, differences occur and whether these differences are significant, systematic, predictable and a function of current weather conditions or if differences are highly variable and inconsistent. Work will be performed at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) to better document where and when NWS weather stations have been situated on rooftops.

Davey, C., N. Doesken, R. Leffler, and R. Sr. Pielke. 2001. Are temperatures going through the roof: Differences between rooftop and standard ground-based temperatures. Colorado Climate Magazine 2, no. 4.

Davey, C. A., J. J. Doesken, R. J. Leffler, and R. A. Sr. Pielke. 2002. Differences between rooftop and standard ground-based temperatures. AMS 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems.

Davey, C. A., N. J. Doesken, R. J. Leffler, and B. Marshall. 2003. Rooftop temperatures: How do they compare with ground temperatures. Bull. Amer. Meteo. Soc. (in Prep).

Doesken, N. J., C. A. Davey, B. G. Griffith, and T. B. McKee. 2001. Rooftop temperatures and how they compare with standard surface observations. AMS 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation.

Griffith, B., T. B. McKee, N. J. Doesken, and R. J. Leffler. 2000. A comparison of rooftop and surface temperature observations. Preprints, 12th AMS Conference on Applied Climatology.

COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS

Principal Investigator: K. Eis

Sponsor: NATO

Abstract - The Flash Flood Laboratory has been funded by NATO to offer a NATO Advanced Studies Course to be held in Ravello, Italy November 8-17, 1999, entitled "Coping with Flash Floods". Our meeting will follow up on recommendations from a 1992 ASI "Coping with Floods". The 1992 session findings provide a solid understanding of how technology can and is being applied to reducing flood losses. Our 1999 ASI will focus on flash floods and will include participation from engineers, geographers, hydrologists, meteorologists, emergency managers, social scientists, and others addressing the challenges of reducing flash flood vulnerability. After presentations of the state of the art in the fields, the group will divide into groups. These groups will discuss within international and interdisciplinary contexts, a new research agenda and the best ways to learn from and apply current scientific and technological advancements to reducing vulnerability. Bold recommendations will be made.

Adams, C. R., and W. Hooke. 2001. Chapter 29: Improved flash flood predictions. Coping with Flash Floods. Eds. E. Gruntfest, and J. Handmer, 309-15. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishing.

Gruntfest, E. 1999. Flash floods in the United States. Storms. eds. R. Jr. Pielke, and R. Sr. Pielke, 192-207. New York, NY: Routledge.

Gruntfest, E. 2000. Nonstructural mitigation of flood hazards. Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian, and Aquatic Communities. ed. E. Wohl, 394-410. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Gruntfest, E. 2001. Chapter 17, Beyond flood detection: Alternative applications of real-time data. Coping with Flash Floods. Eds. E. Gruntfest, and J. Handmer, 167-79. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Gruntfest, E., C. R. Adams, and K. E. Eis. 2001. Chapter 28: The Flash Flood Library at Colorado State University's Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere. Coping With Flash Floods. Eds. E. Gruntfest, and J. Handmer, 303-7. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Gruntfest, E., and J. Handmer. 2001. Chapter 1, Dealing with flash floods: Contemporary issues and future possibilities. Coping with Flash Floods. Eds. E. Gruntfest, and J. Handmer, 3-11. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

———. 2001. Chapter 30, Where we go from here: Policy and research recommendations. Coping with Flash Floods. Eds. E. Gruntfest, and J. Handmer, 317-22. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

———, Eds. 2001. Coping with flash floods. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Gruntfest, E., and B. Montz. 2000. Flash flood research agenda: Following up on the NATO Advanced Study Institute findings. European Geophysical Society Meeting.

Gruntfest, E., and A. Ripps. 2001. Reducing loss susceptibility in flash floods. Flood Hazards and Disasters. ed. D. Parker, 377-90. London, England: Routledge.

Jennings, S., and E. Gruntfest. 2002. Flooding. Handbook of Weather, Climate and Water, 154-71. Columbus, Ohio: McGraw Hill.

Montz, B., and E. Gruntfest. 2002. Flash flood mitigation: recommendations for research and applications. Environmental Hazards 4, no. 1: 15-22.

Weaver, J. F., G. Levy, and E. Gruntfest. 2000. Two floods in Fort Collins, Colorado: Learning from a natural disaster. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, no. 10: 2359-66.

COUPLING BETWEEN MONSOON CONVECTION AND SUBTROPICAL HIGHS IN THE PACS REGION ON SUBSEASONAL TO INTERANNUAL TIME SCALES

Principal Investigators: R. Johnson/W. Schubert

Sponsor: NOAA

Abstract - Recent analyses have shown a dynamical coupling between subtropical highs and monsoon convection. The hypothesis for this coupling over the PACS region has yet to be fully explored. In this proposal we outline a research plan to document the nature, extent and mechanisms for the coupling between the monsoon heat sources and adjacent subtropical anticyclones with their associated low-level jets using both modeling and observational approaches. The observational part of this research will supplement the sparse sounding network over adjacent oceans with profiler and NCEP reanalysis data. The modeling component will primarily use a well-tested general circulation model with realistic topography and a variety of specified heating profiles.

Since potential vorticity (PV) concepts have been shown to be useful in understanding the Asian monsoon circulation, we propose to apply PV concepts to the PACS region. In particular, we plan to investigate how PV is modified in the cross-equitorial flows that feed into the monsoon convection over Amazonia and into the eastern Pacific ITCZ and Central American convection.

Ciesielski, P. E., R. H. Johnson, P. T. Haertel, and J. Wang. 2003. Corrected TOGA/COARE sounding humidity data: Impact on diagnosed properties of convection and climate. J. Atmos. Sci. (in Press).

Hausman, S. A., K. V. Ooyama, and W. H. Schubert. 2003. Potential vorticity structure of hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci. (Submitted).

Ito, T., E. P. Gerber, and W. H. Schubert. 2003. Formation and maintenance of black holes of water vapor in an idealized model of the tropical atmosphere. J. Meteo. Soc. (in Prep).

Randall, D. A., and W. H. Schubert. 2003. A stratocumulus sleeper. (in Prep).

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE GLOBE PROGRAM WEBSITE AND DATABASE

Principal Investigators: R. Brummer/C. Matsumoto

Sponsors: NASA

Abstract - This program is undertaken to design and develop enhancements, implement improved efficiency and reliability, and provide responsive maintenance for the operational GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) Program website and database. The GLOBE Program was established in 1994 with goals to increase environmental awareness of countries throughout the world, contribute to a better understanding of the earth, and help all students reach higher levels of achievement in science and mathematics. Under the guidance of their teachers, K-12 students worldwide collect environmental data around their schools and post these findings on the Internet. GLOBE scientists design protocols for measurements by students that are also useful in scientific research. CIRA, under the auspices of its cross-cutting research area of education, outreach, and training, has been a key contributor since the program's inception and continues to provide enhancements to its website and database.

No publications to date associated with this project.

DEVELOPING CAPABILITY TO IMPLEMENT, EVALUATE & USE MODELS-3/CMAQ FOR VISIBILITY, PM2.5 & ASSOCIATED WESTERN US AIR QUALITY ISSUES INCLUDING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FOREST & AGRICULTURE BURNING

Principal Investigator: D. Fox

Sponsors: CIRA and NPS, supported additionally by United States EPA

Abstract - CIRA will conduct the following research work: 1. Install and operational test the current release of Models3/CMAQ at CIRA; 2. Evaluate functionality and general performance capability of Models3/CMAQ; 3. Initiate research studies to link existing and next generation fire emissions models with the Models3 emissions processing capability, including the new Space Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) processor; 4. Pursue development of the capabilities at CIRA for using and developing Models3 and associated scientific components to address contemporary air quality issues in the Western United States.

No publications to date associated with this project.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF GOES AND POES PRODUCTS FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE AND PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS

Principal Investigators: J. Knaff/L. Grasso/M. DeMaria/R. Zehr

Sponsors: PSDI/NOAA/NESDIS

Abstract - Over the past several years, the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) has performed basic and applied research to better utilize data from NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). The NOAA/NESDIS GOES Improved Measurements Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) has supported CIRA research on the use of GOES data for mesoscale analysis of high-impact weather events, including severe weather and tropical cyclones. Past POES research has focused on the utilization of the Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit (AMSU) for tropical cyclone intensity and structure analysis. Beginning in 2002, the NESDIS GIMPAP program has been supplemented with the Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) program to provide research support for applications of satellite data that have a direct relationship with weather and climate forecasting. In this CIRA proposal to the PSDI program, applied research will be performed on applications of GOES and POE’s data to three forecasting problems: estimating tropical cyclone intensity from POES data; predicting the formation of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and east Pacific basins using GOES data; and estimating rainfall from GOES infrared satellite imagery. The proposal work involves development of research algorithms and testing and evaluation in an operational forecasting environment.

No publications to date associated with this project.

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GOES RAINFALL AND FIRE DETECTION PRODUCTS FOR GUATEMALA

Principal Investigators: B. Connell/M. DeMaria

Sponsors: SICA/AID Rio Lempa Project

Abstract - Under the Hurricane Mitch Reconstruction Efforts, a GOES ingest system will be installed in Costa Rica and satellite display systems will be installed in six additional countries in Central America (July-September 2001). When this occurs, GOES imager data will routinely be available in real time. One important application of this data in this region is the estimation of rainfall. A visiting scientist, Rosario Alfaro, is adapting the satellite rainfall estimation techniques to Central America under the Hurricane Mitch Reconstruction efforts. This project allows the implementation of the products on a web page before the operational systems are installed. This project also introduces monthly GOES infrared cloud frequency products to be used along with the rainfall estimates. Another important application of GOES imager data for Central America is the detection of fires. Although the spatial resolution of the GOES data is not as high as that of the polar-orbiting satellite data, the high time resolution of the data allows for more continuous monitoring of some of the larger fires. This project will adapt existing fire algorithms for the region and display the resulting imagery on the web page. The algorithms will be transferred to the operational systems after installation.

Alfaro, R. 2003. "Validation of GOES precipitation estimates over Central America." CIRA Technical Report, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Connell, B. H., and V. Castro. 2001. The use of mesoscale climatologies for monitoring and forecasting weather in Costa Rica. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 157-60.

Connell, B. H., Fryer, M. K., Watson, D., and Alfaro, R. 2001. "Real-time Satellite Rainfall and Fire Products for Central America." Web page. Available at http://www.cira.colostate.edu/RAMM/sica/main.html.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FORWARD MODEL FOR HURRICANE INITIALIZATION

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/W. Schubert/M. DeMaria

Sponsors: NOAA/NWS

Abstract - To a first approximation, tropical cyclones are quasi-axisymmetric and the tangential wind rotates around a vertically oriented axis. Eliassen (1952) developed a set of equations that are appropriate for this type of flow. In the Eliassen vortex model, the flow is in hydrostatic balance in the vertical, and the tangential wind is in gradient balance with the mass field. The secondary circulation, i.e., the radial and vertical velocity, is diagnostic, given the tangential wind field and the radial and vertical distributions of friction and diabatic heating. The Eliassen balanced vortex model will be the basis of our forward model for hurricane initialization. Although the storm motion introduces a wavenumber one asymmetry even in very strong storms with well-developed eyes, it is assumed that the forward model will be used to provide increments relative to a background field obtained from an earlier model run. Since the primary contribution to the storm motion comes from the large-scale environmental flow, the asymmetry due to the storm motion will be included in the analysis when the symmetric flow from the forward model is added to the background field. This forward model will be tested in the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS).

No publications to date associated with this project.

DEVELOPMENT OF A PARALLEL COUPLED OCEAN-ICE FORECAST MODEL

Principal Investigator: C. Matsumoto

Sponsors: NASA

Abstract - The objective of this research task was to parallelize a NASA version of the Princeton Ocean Model coupled to a sea ice model (referred to as NASAPOM) using the NOAA/FSL-developed Scalable Modeling System (SMS). SMS is a directive-based tool for parallelizing codes for ocean models.

No publications to date associated with this project.

DEVELOPMENT OF A STATISTICAL TROPICAL CYCLONE RAINFALL ALGORITHM

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/M. DeMaria

Sponsor: Insurance Friends of the National Hurricane Center, Inc.

Abstract - Over the past several decades considerable progress has been made in the ability to forecast the tracks of tropical cyclones. Some modest intensity forecast improvement has also been obtained. Since 1970, however, the largest loss of life in the U.S. from landfalling tropical cyclones has resulted from inland flooding. The primary tools for operational prediction of rainfall from landfalling tropical cyclones are dynamical models such as the operational version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane model. Extrapolation of satellite-derived rainfall estimates are also sometimes used. However, the tropical cyclone rainfall forecasts from the GFDL model and other algorithms have not been systematically evaluated in the same way as the track and intensity forecasts have.

One of the primary methods for evaluating the skill level of a particular forecast is by comparison with a forecast based upon climatology and persistence (CLIPER). CLIPER-type models are currently available for track and intensity forecasting, but no such model is available for rainfall prediction. In the proposed research, a rainfall CLIPER-type model for U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones will be developed. The model will use U.S. rain gauge data to determine the climatological rainfall rate associated with landfalling storms. This rainfall rate can be extrapolated along the forecast track of the storm to provide an estimate of storm-total rainfall amounts. This model will be useful for providing guidance for operational forecasting, and will provide a benchmark to evaluate the skill of other rainfall techniques. We plan to implement this model at the Tropical Prediction Center in Miami for an operational evaluation during the 2001 hurricane season.

DeMaria, M., and R. E. Tuleya. 2001. Evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecasts from the GFDL hurricane model. 81st Annual AMS Meeting.

Kidder, S. Q., S. J. Kusselson, J. A. Knaff, and R. J. Kugligowski. 2001. Improvements to the experimental tropical rainfall potential (TraP) technique. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 375-78.

Marks, F. Jr., G. Kappler, and M. DeMaria. 2002. Development of a tropical cyclone rainfall climatology and persistence (R-CLIPER) model. AMS 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, 327-28.

DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRTUAL LABORATORY WEB SERVER FOR INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE METEOROLOGY TRAINING

Principal Investigators: B. Connell/D. Molenar/M. DeMaria

Sponsors: NOAA/NESDIS

Abstract - A meeting of an International Satellite Data Utilization and Training Focus Group was held at the European Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT) Agency in Darmstadt, Germany, 16-18 May, 2001. This meeting was organized by the World Meteorological Organization, and included representatives from NOAA/NESDIS and the international satellite community. A decision was made at this meeting to establish a Virtual Laboratory (VL) to foster the international exchange of satellite data and training material. For this purpose, web servers will be established at EUMETSAT, the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) in Melbourne, Australia and at CIRA in Fort Collins, CO. This proposal is to purchase and configure the necessary hardware and software, coordinate the initial VL development with EUMETSAT and BOM, and to provide software support for the first year of the project. Relevant information regarding the CIRA contribution to the WMO Virtual Laboratory can be found in section 6 and Annex III and IV of the Final Report of the GGMS International Satellite Data Utilization and Training Focus Group.

No publications to date associated with this project.

DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: TRANSMISSION OF GOES IMAGERY TO THE NOAA WP-3D AIRCRAFT

Principal Investigators: J. Knaff/N. Wang/M. DeMaria

Sponsors: NOAA/NESDIS

Abstract - NOAA's two WP-3D aircraft are the primary tools for the annual hurricane field program of the Hurricane Research Division (HRD). The P-3 aircraft are also used for operational reconnaissance missions to supplement the flights of the U.S. Air Force Reserve, which operates out of Kessler Air Force Base in Mississippi. During the hurricane off-season, the P-3 aircraft are used for many other atmospheric research missions throughout the world. the P-3 aircraft are instrumented to collect flight-level atmospheric data, can release dropwindsondes to obtain vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters, and have on-board Doppler radars. However, the P-3s do not have the capability to display on-board satellite imagery in real-time. This capability would be instrumental in aiding the operational reconnaissance missions, especially for weaker systems where the storm center is often difficult to locate using radar data and lift-level winds. This imagery would also be very useful in research missions to adjust flight tracks to optimize data collection.

In this project, advanced data compression methods are being adapted to GOES satellite imagery so that the data can be sent to the P-3 aircraft and displayed in real-time.

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTEND-RANGE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY FORECAST TECHNIQUES

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/M. DeMaria

Sponsor: Insurance Friends of the National Hurricane Center, Inc.

Abstract - Since 1965, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) has had the responsibility of predicting the position and intensity of Atlantic tropical cyclones out to 72h. However, some specialized interests such as the evacuation of naval fleets, space shuttle operations, and the evacuation of particularly vulnerable regions such as the Florida Keys and New Orleans require some actions to be taken prior to three days in advance of a hurricane landfall. To address these needs, NHC is considering extending their track and intensity forecasts from three to five days. The primary tools for track forecasting are dynamical models, which can be modified to provide five-day predications without major changes in their formulations. In fact, many of these models already provide five-day forecasts. Because the processes that affect tropical cyclone intensity change involve a wider range of scales of motion, dynamical model intensity forecasts are usually less skillful than their track forecasts. For this reason, the NHC forecasters also rely on statistical models for the prediction of intensity. A current limitation of the statistical intensity models is that they only provide three-day forecasts. Because these models use empirical relationships, the extension to five days is more difficult than for dynamical models, since new relationships must be developed for the day four and five predictions. In this proposal, the operational SHIFOR and SHIPS intensity forecasts will be generalized to provide forecasts out to five days for the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone basins.

DeMaria, M. 2001. Extension of statistical tropical cyclone intensity forecasts to Day 4 and Day 5. 55th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

Knaff, J. A., M. DeMaria, C. R. Sampson, and J. M. Gross. 2003. Statistical, five-day tropical cyclone intensity forecasts derived from climatology and persistence. Wea. Forecasting 18, no. 2: 80-92.

DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SPEED PROBABILITIES

Principal Investigators: J. Knaff/M. DeMaria

Sponsor: Insurance Friends of the National Hurricane Center, Inc.

Abstract: Every six hours the National Hurricane Center (NHC) provides forecasts of the track, maximum surface wind and radii of 34, 50 and 64 kt winds for all tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and east Pacific. If all of these parameters were perfectly forecast, it would be possible to determine in advance which regions along the storm path would experience hurricane force winds. However, forecast uncertainties result in the probability of a given point actually experiencing hurricane winds being less than one, even if that location is directly along the predicted storm track. Estimates of the probability of occurrence of wind speed thresholds at various lead times would be very useful for planning purposes. For example, decision-making tools that rely on quantitative probabilities of wind speed occurrences could be developed. Wind probabilities would also be useful for helping to determine the areas included in NHC coastal watches and warnings, and in high wind warnings issued by local National Weather Service (NWS) forecast offices for inland counties. In this proposal a method will be developed to estimate these probabilities using the error characteristics from a long-term sample of the official NHC track, intensity and size forecasts.

DeMaria, M. 2003. A Monte Carlo method for estimating surface wind speed probabilities. 57th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference.

ENHANCED COMMUNICATIONS AT CIRA: UPGRADE OF THE CIRA COMPUTER LABORATORY

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/M. DeMaria/D. Molenar

Sponsors: NOAA/NESDIS

Abstract - Over the past several years, CIRA has provided satellite data and experimental products to a wide variety of users. A low-cost PC-based workstation was developed (RAMSDIS) that allows outside users to obtain, display and manipulate digital satellite data. During the late 1990s, RAMSDIS systems were used at up to 50 National Weather Service (NWS) forecast offices throughout the U.S. In the past year, the RAMSDIS project within the NWS ended, due to the implementation of the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS). More recently, RAMSDIS systems have been implemented at many international locations to enhance cooperative research and training efforts. These systems are also used at several research laboratories within the U.S., including CIRA. The Internet has continued to have an increasingly important role in the provision of satellite data and experimental products. For example, a web-based version of RAMDIS (RAMSDIS On-Line) provides animated loops of satellite imagery and products for a wide variety of applications.

The original RAMSDIS systems were developed in the context of an OS/2 operating system. The OS/2 operating system is rapidly becoming archaic, and is no longer supported by the McIDAS Users Group. If the CIRA laboratory is not upgraded, we will lose our ability to generate data and experimental products, and to continue our cooperative research and training efforts within the U.S. and internationally. We propose to upgrade the OS/2 systems in the CIRA computer laboratory to a more modern and supportable operating system (Windows 2000). This upgrade will allow us to continue to distribute data and experimental products to many outside agencies, and to continue our communications and collaborative research projects within and outside of CIRA. In addition, we plan to enhance the local AWIPS capabilities at CIRA, which will allow us to continue to collaborate with the NWS now that their modernization is completed. In particular, we plan to establish mass storage capabilities, which will be necessary to install the AWIPS Warning Event Simulator (WES) at CIRA. The WES adds case study capabilities to AWIPS, and will become an important component of the NWS training program.

No publications to date associated with this project.

ENHANCEMENT OF SATELLITE DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS CAPABILITIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/M. DeMaria/D. Molenar

Sponsors: NOAA/NESDIS/IA

Abstract - On October 29, 1998, Hurricane Mitch came ashore near La Ceiba, Honduras with high winds and heavy rainfall. Mitch was a large and slow moving storm, and several locations in Central America received extreme amounts of rainfall (up to 36 inches) over a three-day period. This rainfall resulted in more than 9,000 fatalities, and had devastating effects on the infrastructure of several countries in Central America. In response to this disaster, an Interagency Agreement was signed between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of Commerce for Hurricane Mitch Reconstruction Activities in Central America.

As part of the Mitch Reconstruction Activities, the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) has provided a work plan for the development of a satellite data receiving, processing and analysis capability in Central America. This plan was developed to address deficiencies in the ability to receive and use satellite data identified during site visits to several countries in Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador) in October of 1999. The NESDIS activities will be implemented by the Office of International and Interagency Affairs in coordination with the NOAA cooperative institute at Colorado State University (CIRA). A GOES ingest system will be installed in Costa Rica by a private contractor, to supply the data necessary for this project. The contractor funding will be provided by NOAA. CIRA will provide RAMSDIS workstations in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua (two per country) to analyze and display the GOES data that is ingested in Costa Rica. Training sessions in Costa Rica for the participating countries will also be provided by CIRA as part of this project. A CIRA visiting scientist from the Central America region will be supported to improve satellite rainfall estimation techniques for the region.

Alfaro, R. 2003. "Validation of GOES precipitation estimates over Central America." CIRA Technical Report, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Connell, B. H., and V. Castro. 2001. The use of mesoscale climatologies for monitoring and forecasting weather in Costa Rica. AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 157-60.

ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS RESEARCH

Principal Investigators: T. Vonder Haar/C. Matsumoto

Sponsors: NOAA/FSL

Abstract - This project involves scientific research collaborations performed at the Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL). On-going collaborations fall under virtually all of CIRA's research themes and cross-cutting areas: Global and Regional Climate Studies; Local and Mesoscale Area Weather Forecasting and Evaluation; Cloud Physics; Applications of Satellite Observations; Air Quality and Visibility; Societal and Economic Impacts; Numerical Modeling; and Education, Training, and Outreach. Much of this research is also relevant to FSL's mission areas and benefits all phases of the Lab's essential functions--Exploratory System Development, Research Applications, System Validation, and Technology Transfer. In addition to NOAA and other government agencies, beneficiaries of many of the collaborative research and development efforts undertaken at FSL under this cooperative agreement include the university community--in particular, Colorado State University--private industry, and the general public.

Albers, S. C. 2002. The fusion of radar data and satellite imagery with other information in the LAPS analyses. Forecast Research Division Science Seminar.

———. 2002. Using LAPS in the forecast office. NCAR/COMAP.

Barjenbrunch, D. B., E. Thaler, and E. J. Szoke. 2002. Operational applications of three dimensional air parcel trajectories using AWIPS D3D. AMS Interactive Symposium on AWIPS, J136-J138.

Benjamin, S. G., J. M. Brown, K. J. Brundage, D. Devenyi, G. A. Grell, D. Kim, B. E. Schwartz, T. G. Smirnova, T. L. Smith, S. S. Weygandt, and G. S. Manikin. 2002. RUC20: The 20-km version of the Rapid Update Cycle. NOAA Technical Memorandum OAR FSL-28.

———. 2002. RUC20: The 20-km version of the Rapid Update Cycle. NWS Technical Procedures Bulletin 490.

Benjamin, S. G., J. M. Brown, K. J. Brundage, D. Devenyi, D. Kim, B. E. Schwartz, T. G. Smirnova, T. L. Smith, and A. Marroquin. 1997. Improvements in aviation forecasts from the 40 km RUC. AMS 7th Conference on Aviation, Range and Aerospace Meteorology.

Benjamin, S. G., J. M. Brown, K. J. Brundage, D. Kim, Barry Schwartz, T. Smirnova, and T. L. Smith. 1999. Aviation forecasts from the RUC-2. AMS 8th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology.

Benjamin, S. G., J. M. Brown, D. Devenyi, G. A. Grell, D. Kim, T. L. Smith, T. G. Smirnova, B. E. Schwartz, S. Weygandt, and G. S. Manikin. 2002. The 20-km Rapid Update Cycle: Overview and implications for aviation applications. AMS 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology.

Benjamin, S. G., D. Devenyi, S. S. Weugandt, K. J. Brundage, J. M. Brown, G. A. Grell, D. Kim, B. E. Schwartz , T. G. Smirnova, and T. L. Smith. 2003. An hourly assimilation/forecast cycle: the RUC. Mon. Wea. Rev. 31.

Benjamin, S. G., G. Grell, T. L. Smith, T. G. Smirnova, B. E. Schwartz, G. S. Manikin, D. Kim, D. Devenyi, K. J. Brundage, J. M. Brown, and S. S. Weuygandt. 2001. The 20-km version of the Rapid Update Cycle. AMS 14th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction.

Benjamin, S. G., G. Grell, T. L. Smith, T. G. Smirnova, B. E. Schwartz, G. S. Manikin, D. Kim, D. Devenyi, K. J. Brundage, J. M. Brown, and S. S. Weygandt. 2001. The 20-km version of the Rapid Update Cycle. AMS 18th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, J75-J79.

Benjamin, S. G., G. A. Grell, J. M. Brown, K. J. Brundage, D. Devenyi, D. Kim, B. Schwartz, T. G. Smirnova, T. L. Smith, S. S. Weygandt, and G. A. Manikin. 2000. The 20-km version of the Rapid Update Cycle. AMS 9th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, 421-23.

Benjamin, S. G., T. L. Smith, B. E. Schwartz, G. Grell, J. M. Brown, P. Bothwell, and J. Hart. 2000. A past and future look at the Rapid Update Cycle for the 3 May 1999 severe weather outlook. 20th Conference on Severe Local Storms.

Benjamin, S. G., S. S. Weygandt, B. E. Schwartz, T. L. Smith, T. G. Smirnova, D. Kim, G. A. Grell, D. Devenyi, K. J. Brundage, J. M. Brown, and G. S. Manikin. 2002. The 20-km RUC in operations. AMS 15th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction.

Bennett, D. A., K. Hutchison, S. C. Albers, and R. D. Bornstein. 2000. Preliminary results from polar-orbiting satellite data assimilation into LAPS with application to mesoscale modeling of the San Francisco Bay area. Preprints, AMS 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 118-21.

Biere, M. 1997. The WFO-Advanced Text Subsystem User Interface. AMS 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, 332-35.

———. 1998. The WFO-Advanced two-dimensional display software design. AMS 14th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Biere, M., and D. L. Davis. 2003. Multicast data distribution on the AWIPS local area network. AMS 19th Conference on Interactive Information Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Birkenheuer, D. L. 1997. "Impact of multichannel passive microwave radiometer data on the LAPS moisture analysis." NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL FSL-21, NOAA, Forecast Systems Laboratory, Boulder, CO.

———. 1998. Radiance assimilation of polar and geostationary satellite data in LAPS. AMS 9th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Birkenheuer, D. L., S. C. Albers, B. Shaw, and E. J. Szoke. 2001. Evaluation of local-scale forecasts for severe weather of July. AMS 14th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction.

Birkenheuer, D. L., and B. Shaw. 2002. Observed impact of GOES derived product data on the LAPS local forecasts. AMS 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.

Birkenheuer, D. L., J. S. Snook, J. Smart, and J. A. McGinley. 1998. Analysis of polar satellite data in LAPS using RTTOV. AMS 12th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction.

———. 1998. The effect of GOES image data on RAMS forecasts initialized with LAPS. AMS 12th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, 300-303.

Bothwell, P., and T. L. Smith. 1998. Forecasting areas of convective weather threat using the RUC-2. AMS 19th Conference on Severe Local Storms.

Braun, J. J., and Y. Xie. 2003. Observed convergence of water vapor prior to and during the June 12, 2002 northern Oklahoma storm using the Global Positioning System. AMS 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology.

Brown, J. M., A. Marroquin, and S. Benjamin. 1998. Mountain waves in operational NWP models: What do they mean. AMS 8th Conference on Mountain Meteorology.

Brown, J. M., E. J. Szoke, and D. Levinson. 1998. Synoptic weather patterns associated with strong winds and low-level turbulence at Colorado Springs: MCAT97. AMS 8th Conference on Mountain Meteorology.

Browning, G. L., and H. O. Kreiss. 1994. The impact of rough forcing on systems with multiple time scales. J. Atmos. Sci 51: 369-83.

———. 1994. Splitting methods for systems with multiple time scales. Mon. Wea. Rev. 122: 2614-22.

———. 2002. Multiscale bounded derivative initialization for an arbitrary domain. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 1680-1696.

Browning, G. L., H. O. Kreiss, and W. H. Schubert. 1999. The role of gravity waves in slowly varying in time equatorial motions. 33rd Congress of the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society.

———. 2000. The role of gravity waves in slowly varying in time equatorial motions near the equator. J. Atmos. Sci. 57: 4008-19.

Brummer, R., S. Madine, and N. Wang. 2001. FX-NET: Weather support platform for the outdoor venues at the 2002 Winter Olympics. CIRA Newsletter 15, no. July 2001: 3-5.

Brundage, J. M., L. A. Ewy, G. F. Pankow, A. B. Stanley, and S. M. Williams. 1999. Development of a prototype AWIPS operational data repository and case review system. AMS 15th International conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Brundage, K. J., S. G. Benjamin, J. M. Brown, B. E. Schwartz, T. G. Smirnova, and T. L. Smith. 1998. The Operational RUC-2. Preprints, AMS 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 249-52.

Brundage, K. J., S. G. Benjamin, and M. N. Schwartz. 2001. Wind energy forecasts and ensemble uncertainty from the RUC. AMS 9th Conference on Mesoscale Processes.

Caracena, F., S. L. Barnes, and A. Marroquin. 1998. A study of gravity waves generated by convective systems in Eta model forecasts. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 68: 12-21.

Caracena, F., and A. Marroquin. 1997. A look at clear air turbulence and baroclinic processes in a spring snow storm and a comparison of NWP model output. FSL Forum.

Caracena, F., A. Marroquin, and E. I. Tollerud. 2000. Potential vorticity patterns and their relationship to heavy precipitation in mesoscale convective systems. Preprints, AMS 15th Conference on Hydrology, 218-21.

———. 2000. A potential vorticity streamer and its role in the development of a week-long series of mesoscale convective systems, part II: Mesoanalysis of a prominent storm in the series. 20th Conference on Severe Local Storms.

———. 2001. A PV-streamer's role in a succession of heavy rain-producing MCSs over the central U.S. European Geographical Society Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 26, no. 9: 643-48.

———. 2003. Analysis and numerical simulation of a PV streamer's role in organizing a heavy rain-producing mesoscale convective system over the central United States. Meteo. and Atmos. Phys. (in Prep).

Case, J. L., J. Manobianco, D. A. Short, T. V. Hove, Y. F. Xie, and R. Ware. 2001. Impact of GPS-based water vapor fields on mesoscale model forecasts. 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems.

Chen, M., J. Fluke, and H. Grote. 1999. A proven software configuration management system for workstation development. AMS 15th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Christidis, Z., G. J. Edwards, and J. S. Snook. 1997. Regional weather forecasting in the 1996 Summer Olympic Games using an IBM SP2. AMS 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, 22-25.

Collander, R., and C. M. Girz. 2002. Evaluation of balloon trajectory forecast routines for GAINS. 2002 Committee on Space Research Conference.

Collander, R. S., and C. M. I. R Girz. 2002. Evaluation of balloon trajectory forecast routines for GAINS. AMS 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, 254-59.

———. 2003. Evaluation of balloon trajectory forecast routines for GAINS. AMS 12th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation.

Colliander, R. D., D. Paschall, and R. Brummer. 1998. The GLOBE Program: Students collecting unique global datasets of atmospheric and environmental data. AMS 14th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Cram, J. M. 1996. The importance of mesoscale analysis and terrain in successfully forecasting a mesoscale snowstorm: A case study. AMS 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes, 421-23.

Cram, J. M., S. C. Albers, and D. Devenyi. 1996. Application of a two-dimensional variational scheme to a meso-beta-scale wind analysis. 15th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 227-30.

Cram, J. M., and J. S. Snook. 1996. A comparison of the real-time performance of two nonhydrostatic mesoscale models over the LAPS domain. 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, 153-55.

Cunning, J. 2000. Commercial aircraft-provided weather data. Preprints, AMS 4th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, 45-48.

Davis, D., U. H. Grote, and M. Biere. 2002. Porting AWIPS to Linux. AMS 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology.

Davis, D., T. Wilfong, B. Shaw, K. Winters, and W. Schmeiser. 2002. Tailoring the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) for space launch ranges. AMS Interactive Symposium on AWIPS, 118-23.

Droegemeier, K. K., Y. P. Richardson, G. M. Bassett, and A. Marroquin. 1997. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of turbulence generated in the near-environment of deep convective storms. AMS 7th Conference on Aviation, Range and Aerospace Meteorology.

Edwards, G. J., J. S. Snook, and Z. Christidis. 1997. Forecasting for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games with the NNT-RAMS Parallel model. AMS 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, 19-21.

Girz, C. M., A. E. MacDonald, R. L. Anderson, T. Lachenmeier, B. D. Jamison, R. S. Collander, R. B. Chadwick, R. A. Moody, J. Cooper, G. Ganoe, S. Katzberg, T. Johnson, B. Russ, and V. Zavorotny. 2003. Results of the recent GAINS flight test. J. Space Research (Accepted).

Girz, C. M. I. R., A. E. MacDonald, R. Anderson, T. Lachenmeier, F. Caracena, B. D. Jamison, and R. S. Collander. 2000. GAINS: A global observing system. COSPAR2000 Conference.

Girz, C. M. I. R., A. E. MacDonald, R. L. Anderson, T. Lachenmeier, F. Caracena, B. D. Jamison, and R. S. Collander. 2000. GAINS: An observing system for the 21st century. Preprints, 4th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, 93.

———. 2000. GAINS: An observing system for the 21st century. Remote Sensing and Hydrology 2000 Conference.

Girz, C. M. I. R., A. E.