. . by Richard Wagenmaker (NWS Science and Operations Officer, Detroit, Michigan), John F. Weaver (NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM at Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado), and Bernadette Connell (Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado). This material has also been submitted to National Weather Digest, a peer reviewed journal.