Figure A
Figure B
Figure C
Figure D
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This satellite discussion
focuses on observations of a cold front using the experimental Skin Temperature
Product. This product uses the difference between GOES Channel 4
(10.7 microns) and Channel 5 (12 microns) to assess the effect of water
vapor absorption on the measured brightness temperature measured at 10.7
microns. The skin temperature is calculated using the following equation:
CH4 + 2 (CH4 - CH5); where CH4 and CH5 are the brightness temperatures
at 10.7 and 12 microns, respectively.
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Click on images to enlarge
figures
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Figure A is the 10.7 micron image and Figure B is the
12 micron image, both from GOES-8 and both are valid at 1645 UTC.
The color tables are the same. The images show that difference between
the brightness temperatures is roughly 2 C. The skin temperature
field produced using Figure A and B is shown is Figure C. The color
table is different for the skin temperature product. The visible
image at 1645 UTC is shown in Figure D to more clearly identify the locations
of clouds. Of interest in this example is the temperature gradient
that stretches from southern Indiana to the Panhandle of Texas. Loop
1 displays 5 images of the skin temperature product,
spanning 4 hours (1315 - 1715 UTC). Plotted on each image are the
surface winds (m/s) and the contours of station temperature. The
air temperature field seems reasonably represented by the skin temperature
field, though they are not necessarily equal. During the morning
to afternoon hours, the air next to the surface is warmed through conduction
by the surface. Thus, during the morning hours the air temperature
will typically lag the skin temperature. It is possible for advection
to overcome the effects of conduction, but this front does not appear to
have the advection required to do so. Also notice that the ground
in MN that was covered by clouds appears cooler than neighboring ground
due to gradients in solar insulation. |